This creative work by Stephan Schneider is based on the official Toki Pona book and website: http://tokipona.org
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| ɴᴏᴜɴ ijo | ɴᴏᴜɴ jan |
|---|---|
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| thing | person |
jan
This is a test.
Really.
When refering to people by their name, the name is attached to jan — person. For example, Sonja is jan Sonja, whereas Sonja is merely (the sound of) the name Sonja itself.
**jan Melani**
</summary>
*Mélanie*
**jan Melani**
</summary>
*Mélanie*
**jan Epawan Linkan**
</summary>
*Abraham Lincoln*
**jan Epawan Linkan**
</summary>
*Abraham Lincoln*
**jan Sulu**
</summary>
*Mr. Sulu*
**jan Sulu**
</summary>
*Mr. Sulu*
*Sonja*
</summary>
**jan Sonja**
*Sonja*
</summary>
**jan Sonja**
Cf. Phonetic Conversions of Proper Names hosted on Pije's site.
| ᴘʀᴏɴᴏᴜɴ mi | ᴘʀᴏɴᴏᴜɴ sina | ᴘʀᴏɴᴏᴜɴ ona |
|---|---|---|
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| ɴᴏᴜɴ I, we → ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ my, our |
ɴᴏᴜɴ you → ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ your |
ɴᴏᴜɴ he, she, it, they → ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ his, her, its, their |
Adding a ɴᴏᴜɴ to a ɴᴏᴜɴ, *possession* is expressed.
**ijo jan**
*somebody's stuff***ijo mi**
*my stuff, something of mine/ours***ijo sina**
*your stuff, something of yours**her/his/their stuff, something of hers/his/theirs*
**ijo ona**| ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ mama | ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ meli | ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ mije |
|---|---|---|
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| ɴᴏᴜɴ parent → ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ of origin |
ɴᴏᴜɴ female person → ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ female |
ɴᴏᴜɴ male person → ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ male |
Many words can be translated either as a ɴᴏᴜɴ or as an ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ. Adding them after a ɴᴏᴜɴ, often *quality* is expressed.
**mama meli**
*mother (= female parent)***ona mije**
*he (= male third person)**father (= male parent)*
**mama mije***she (= female third person)*
**ona meli**ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ ɴᴏᴜɴs imply **jan**.
ᴘᴇʀꜱᴏɴ **meli**
ɴᴏᴜɴ *somebody female* →ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ *female*
| ᴛʜɪɴɢ kulupu |
|---|
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| ɴᴏᴜɴ community → ᴀᴅᴊᴇᴄᴛɪᴠᴇ in common |
...
**kulupu mama**
*family*| ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ li |
|---|
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| ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (indicative) |
The ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ **li** marks the following phrase as an ɪɴᴅɪᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ. Note that Toki Pona has no word for *to be*. In other words, a ᴘʀᴇᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ consisting of a noun already means *to be (that ɴᴏᴜɴ)*.
**ona li mama sina.**
*They are your parents.**She is Sonja.*
**ona li jan Sonja.**| ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ o |
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| ᴘᴀʀᴛɪᴄʟᴇ (deontic) |
The ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ **o** marks the following phrase as a ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ or (omitting the ꜱᴜʙᴊᴇᴄᴛ) ɪᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ.
**ona o mama sina.**
*They should be your parents.***o mama ona!**
*Be her parents.**You should be a human being.*
**sina o jan.***Be a human being!*
**o jan!**Omitting the ᴘʀᴇᴅɪᴄᴀᴛᴇ, a ꜱᴇɴᴛᴇɴᴄᴇ with the ᴍᴏᴏᴅ ᴍᴀʀᴋᴇʀ **o** is a ᴠᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ.
**mama mi o!**
*My parents!**Hey Sonja!*
**jan Sonja o!**Instead of a ᴠᴏᴄᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ followed by an ɪᴍᴘᴇʀᴀᴛɪᴠᴇ (**... o, o ...**), a ᴠᴏʟɪᴛɪᴠᴇ (**... o ...**) is used.
**jan Ali o mama!**
*Hey Ali, be a parent!*| ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ lon | ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ tan | ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ tawa |
|---|---|---|
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| at | from | to |
| ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ ante | ᴘʀᴇᴘᴏꜱɪᴛɪᴏɴ sama |
|---|---|
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| than | like |
...
**jan li tawa.**
*Someone is moving.***ona li tawa sina.**
*She is moving towards you.***ona li kulupu mama tawa mi.**
*They are family to me.**My mother is there.*
**mama meli mi li lon.***She is with your father.*
**ona li lon mama mije sina.**
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