diff --git a/.github/workflows/pr.yml b/.github/workflows/pr.yml
index d3c8e9f14875..53144304bb99 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/pr.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pr.yml
@@ -18,13 +18,17 @@ jobs:
           persist-credentials: false
       - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
         with:
-          node-version: "16.x"
+          node-version: '16.x'
       - run: npm ci
+      - name: validating cache
+        run: npx grunt run:validate-cache
       - run: npm test
       - name: copy out-wpt to wpt tree
         run: |
           git clone --depth 2 https://github.com/web-platform-tests/wpt.git
           rsync -av  out-wpt/ wpt/webgpu
+      - name: adding wpt lint ignore rule for *.bin
+        run: 'echo "TRAILING WHITESPACE, INDENT TABS, CR AT EOL: *.bin" >> wpt/lint.ignore'
       - name: test wpt lint
         run: ./wpt lint
         working-directory: ./wpt
diff --git a/Gruntfile.js b/Gruntfile.js
index 8c2402b5f2cd..2ab90a00f634 100644
--- a/Gruntfile.js
+++ b/Gruntfile.js
@@ -30,9 +30,14 @@ module.exports = function (grunt) {
         cmd: 'node',
         args: ['tools/validate', ...kAllSuites.map(s => 'src/' + s)],
       },
+      'generate-cache': {
+        // Note this generates files into the src/ directory (not the gen/ directory).
+        cmd: 'node',
+        args: ['tools/gen_cache', 'src/webgpu'],
+      },
       'validate-cache': {
         cmd: 'node',
-        args: ['tools/gen_cache', 'out', 'src/webgpu', '--validate'],
+        args: ['tools/gen_cache', 'src/webgpu', '--validate'],
       },
       'write-out-wpt-cts-html': {
         // Note this generates directly into the out-wpt/ directory rather than the gen/ directory.
@@ -44,11 +49,6 @@ module.exports = function (grunt) {
         cmd: 'node',
         args: ['tools/gen_wpt_cts_html', 'tools/gen_wpt_cfg_chunked2sec.json'],
       },
-      'generate-cache': {
-        // Note this generates directly into the out/ directory rather than the gen/ directory.
-        cmd: 'node',
-        args: ['tools/gen_cache', 'out', 'src/webgpu'],
-      },
       unittest: {
         cmd: 'node',
         args: ['tools/run_node', 'unittests:*'],
@@ -115,6 +115,15 @@ module.exports = function (grunt) {
           '--copy-files'
         ],
       },
+      'copy-assets-node': {
+        cmd: 'node',
+        args: [
+          'node_modules/@babel/cli/bin/babel',
+          'src/resources/',
+          '--out-dir=out-node/resources/',
+          '--copy-files'
+        ],
+      },
       lint: {
         cmd: 'node',
         args: ['node_modules/eslint/bin/eslint', 'src/**/*.ts', '--max-warnings=0'],
@@ -223,9 +232,10 @@ module.exports = function (grunt) {
     helpMessageTasks.push({ name, desc });
   }
 
-  grunt.registerTask('generate-common', 'Generate files into gen/', [
+  grunt.registerTask('generate-common', 'Generate files into gen/ and src/', [
     'run:generate-version',
     'run:generate-listings',
+    'run:generate-cache',
   ]);
   grunt.registerTask('build-standalone', 'Build out/ (no checks; run after generate-common)', [
     'run:build-out',
@@ -240,6 +250,10 @@ module.exports = function (grunt) {
     'concurrent:write-out-wpt-cts-html-all',
     'run:autoformat-out-wpt',
   ]);
+  grunt.registerTask('build-node', 'Build out-node/ (no checks; run after generate-common)', [
+    'run:build-out-node',
+    'run:copy-assets-node',
+  ]);
   grunt.registerTask('build-all', 'Build out*/ (no checks; run after generate-common)', [
     'concurrent:all-builds',
     'build-done-message',
@@ -268,6 +282,11 @@ module.exports = function (grunt) {
     'build-wpt',
     'build-done-message',
   ]);
+  registerTaskAndAddToHelp('node', 'Build node (out-node/) (no checks)', [
+    'generate-common',
+    'build-node',
+    'build-done-message',
+  ]);
   registerTaskAndAddToHelp('checks', 'Run all checks (and build tsdoc)', [
     'concurrent:all-checks',
   ]);
diff --git a/src/common/framework/data_cache.ts b/src/common/framework/data_cache.ts
index c1e3a889beb3..fea2bd203fae 100644
--- a/src/common/framework/data_cache.ts
+++ b/src/common/framework/data_cache.ts
@@ -187,11 +187,11 @@ export interface Cacheable<Data> {
   /**
    * serialize() encodes `data` to a binary representation so that it can be stored in a cache file.
    */
-  serialize(data: Data): Uint8Array;
+  serialize(data: Data): Promise<Uint8Array>;
 
   /**
    * deserialize() is the inverse of serialize(), decoding the binary representation back to a Data
    * object.
    */
-  deserialize(binary: Uint8Array): Data;
+  deserialize(binary: Uint8Array): Promise<Data>;
 }
diff --git a/src/common/runtime/cmdline.ts b/src/common/runtime/cmdline.ts
index 44a73fb38b34..860a06bfe9c4 100644
--- a/src/common/runtime/cmdline.ts
+++ b/src/common/runtime/cmdline.ts
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 import * as fs from 'fs';
 
 import { dataCache } from '../framework/data_cache.js';
+import { getResourcePath, setBaseResourcePath } from '../framework/resources.js';
 import { globalTestConfig } from '../framework/test_config.js';
 import { DefaultTestFileLoader } from '../internal/file_loader.js';
 import { prettyPrintLog } from '../internal/logging/log_message.js';
@@ -37,6 +38,12 @@ Options:
   return sys.exit(rc);
 }
 
+if (!sys.existsSync('src/common/runtime/cmdline.ts')) {
+  console.log('Must be run from repository root');
+  usage(1);
+}
+setBaseResourcePath('out-node/resources');
+
 // The interface that exposes creation of the GPU, and optional interface to code coverage.
 interface GPUProviderModule {
   // @returns a GPU with the given flags
@@ -65,7 +72,6 @@ let printJSON = false;
 let quiet = false;
 let loadWebGPUExpectations: Promise<unknown> | undefined = undefined;
 let gpuProviderModule: GPUProviderModule | undefined = undefined;
-let dataPath: string | undefined = undefined;
 
 const queries: string[] = [];
 const gpuProviderFlags: string[] = [];
@@ -84,8 +90,6 @@ for (let i = 0; i < sys.args.length; ++i) {
       listMode = 'unimplemented';
     } else if (a === '--debug') {
       debug = true;
-    } else if (a === '--data') {
-      dataPath = sys.args[++i];
     } else if (a === '--print-json') {
       printJSON = true;
     } else if (a === '--expectations') {
@@ -132,21 +136,20 @@ Did you remember to build with code coverage instrumentation enabled?`
   }
 }
 
-if (dataPath !== undefined) {
-  dataCache.setStore({
-    load: (path: string) => {
-      return new Promise<Uint8Array>((resolve, reject) => {
-        fs.readFile(`${dataPath}/${path}`, (err, data) => {
-          if (err !== null) {
-            reject(err.message);
-          } else {
-            resolve(data);
-          }
-        });
+dataCache.setStore({
+  load: (path: string) => {
+    return new Promise<Uint8Array>((resolve, reject) => {
+      fs.readFile(getResourcePath(`cache/${path}`), (err, data) => {
+        if (err !== null) {
+          reject(err.message);
+        } else {
+          resolve(data);
+        }
       });
-    },
-  });
-}
+    });
+  },
+});
+
 if (verbose) {
   dataCache.setDebugLogger(console.log);
 }
diff --git a/src/common/runtime/server.ts b/src/common/runtime/server.ts
index 8310784e3a2c..ac1af61949dd 100644
--- a/src/common/runtime/server.ts
+++ b/src/common/runtime/server.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import * as http from 'http';
 import { AddressInfo } from 'net';
 
 import { dataCache } from '../framework/data_cache.js';
+import { getResourcePath, setBaseResourcePath } from '../framework/resources.js';
 import { globalTestConfig } from '../framework/test_config.js';
 import { DefaultTestFileLoader } from '../internal/file_loader.js';
 import { prettyPrintLog } from '../internal/logging/log_message.js';
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ Options:
   --colors                  Enable ANSI colors in output.
   --compat                  Run tests in compatibility mode.
   --coverage                Add coverage data to each result.
-  --data                    Path to the data cache directory.
   --verbose                 Print result/log of every test as it runs.
   --gpu-provider            Path to node module that provides the GPU implementation.
   --gpu-provider-flag       Flag to set on the gpu-provider as <flag>=<value>
@@ -71,13 +71,13 @@ if (!sys.existsSync('src/common/runtime/cmdline.ts')) {
   console.log('Must be run from repository root');
   usage(1);
 }
+setBaseResourcePath('out-node/resources');
 
 Colors.enabled = false;
 
 let emitCoverage = false;
 let verbose = false;
 let gpuProviderModule: GPUProviderModule | undefined = undefined;
-let dataPath: string | undefined = undefined;
 
 const gpuProviderFlags: string[] = [];
 for (let i = 0; i < sys.args.length; ++i) {
@@ -89,8 +89,6 @@ for (let i = 0; i < sys.args.length; ++i) {
       globalTestConfig.compatibility = true;
     } else if (a === '--coverage') {
       emitCoverage = true;
-    } else if (a === '--data') {
-      dataPath = sys.args[++i];
     } else if (a === '--gpu-provider') {
       const modulePath = sys.args[++i];
       gpuProviderModule = require(modulePath);
@@ -130,21 +128,20 @@ Did you remember to build with code coverage instrumentation enabled?`
   }
 }
 
-if (dataPath !== undefined) {
-  dataCache.setStore({
-    load: (path: string) => {
-      return new Promise<Uint8Array>((resolve, reject) => {
-        fs.readFile(`${dataPath}/${path}`, (err, data) => {
-          if (err !== null) {
-            reject(err.message);
-          } else {
-            resolve(data);
-          }
-        });
+dataCache.setStore({
+  load: (path: string) => {
+    return new Promise<Uint8Array>((resolve, reject) => {
+      fs.readFile(getResourcePath(`cache/${path}`), (err, data) => {
+        if (err !== null) {
+          reject(err.message);
+        } else {
+          resolve(data);
+        }
       });
-    },
-  });
-}
+    });
+  },
+});
+
 if (verbose) {
   dataCache.setDebugLogger(console.log);
 }
diff --git a/src/common/runtime/standalone.ts b/src/common/runtime/standalone.ts
index 0376f92dda63..17500fff6748 100644
--- a/src/common/runtime/standalone.ts
+++ b/src/common/runtime/standalone.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 /* eslint no-console: "off" */
 
 import { dataCache } from '../framework/data_cache.js';
-import { setBaseResourcePath } from '../framework/resources.js';
+import { getResourcePath, setBaseResourcePath } from '../framework/resources.js';
 import { globalTestConfig } from '../framework/test_config.js';
 import { DefaultTestFileLoader } from '../internal/file_loader.js';
 import { Logger } from '../internal/logging/logger.js';
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ if (powerPreference || compatibility) {
 
 dataCache.setStore({
   load: async (path: string) => {
-    const response = await fetch(`data/${path}`);
+    const response = await fetch(getResourcePath(`cache/${path}`));
     if (!response.ok) {
       return Promise.reject(response.statusText);
     }
diff --git a/src/common/tools/gen_cache.ts b/src/common/tools/gen_cache.ts
index ce0854aa2046..0ffbb373a0aa 100644
--- a/src/common/tools/gen_cache.ts
+++ b/src/common/tools/gen_cache.ts
@@ -3,32 +3,41 @@ import * as path from 'path';
 import * as process from 'process';
 
 import { Cacheable, dataCache, setIsBuildingDataCache } from '../framework/data_cache.js';
+import { crc32, toHexString } from '../util/crc32.js';
+import { parseImports } from '../util/parse_imports.js';
 
 function usage(rc: number): void {
-  console.error(`Usage: tools/gen_cache [options] [OUT_DIR] [SUITE_DIRS...]
+  console.error(`Usage: tools/gen_cache [options] [SUITE_DIRS...]
 
 For each suite in SUITE_DIRS, pre-compute data that is expensive to generate
-at runtime and store it under OUT_DIR. If the data file is found then the
-DataCache will load this instead of building the expensive data at CTS runtime.
+at runtime and store it under 'src/resources/cache'. If the data file is found
+then the DataCache will load this instead of building the expensive data at CTS
+runtime.
+Note: Due to differences in gzip compression, different versions of node can
+produce radically different binary cache files. gen_cache uses the hashes of the
+source files to determine whether a cache file is 'up to date'. This is faster
+and does not depend on the compressed output.
 
 Options:
   --help          Print this message and exit.
   --list          Print the list of output files without writing them.
-  --nth i/n       Only process every file where (file_index % n == i)
-  --validate      Check that cache should build (Tests for collisions).
+  --force         Rebuild cache even if they're up to date
+  --validate      Check the cache is up to date
   --verbose       Print each action taken.
 `);
   process.exit(rc);
 }
 
+// Where the cache is generated
+const outDir = 'src/resources/cache';
+
+let forceRebuild = false;
 let mode: 'emit' | 'list' | 'validate' = 'emit';
-let nth = { i: 0, n: 1 };
 let verbose = false;
 
 const nonFlagsArgs: string[] = [];
 
-for (let i = 0; i < process.argv.length; i++) {
-  const arg = process.argv[i];
+for (const arg of process.argv) {
   if (arg.startsWith('-')) {
     switch (arg) {
       case '--list': {
@@ -39,6 +48,10 @@ for (let i = 0; i < process.argv.length; i++) {
         usage(0);
         break;
       }
+      case '--force': {
+        forceRebuild = true;
+        break;
+      }
       case '--verbose': {
         verbose = true;
         break;
@@ -47,28 +60,6 @@ for (let i = 0; i < process.argv.length; i++) {
         mode = 'validate';
         break;
       }
-      case '--nth': {
-        const err = () => {
-          console.error(
-            `--nth requires a value of the form 'i/n', where i and n are positive integers and i < n`
-          );
-          process.exit(1);
-        };
-        i++;
-        if (i >= process.argv.length) {
-          err();
-        }
-        const value = process.argv[i];
-        const parts = value.split('/');
-        if (parts.length !== 2) {
-          err();
-        }
-        nth = { i: parseInt(parts[0]), n: parseInt(parts[1]) };
-        if (nth.i < 0 || nth.n < 1 || nth.i > nth.n) {
-          err();
-        }
-        break;
-      }
       default: {
         console.log('unrecognized flag: ', arg);
         usage(1);
@@ -79,12 +70,10 @@ for (let i = 0; i < process.argv.length; i++) {
   }
 }
 
-if (nonFlagsArgs.length < 4) {
+if (nonFlagsArgs.length < 3) {
   usage(0);
 }
 
-const outRootDir = nonFlagsArgs[2];
-
 dataCache.setStore({
   load: (path: string) => {
     return new Promise<Uint8Array>((resolve, reject) => {
@@ -100,57 +89,108 @@ dataCache.setStore({
 });
 setIsBuildingDataCache();
 
-void (async () => {
-  for (const suiteDir of nonFlagsArgs.slice(3)) {
-    await build(suiteDir);
+const specFileSuffix = __filename.endsWith('.ts') ? '.spec.ts' : '.spec.js';
+
+/**
+ * @returns a list of all the files under 'dir' that has the given extension
+ * @param dir the directory to search
+ * @param ext the extension of the files to find
+ */
+function glob(dir: string, ext: string) {
+  const files: string[] = [];
+  for (const file of fs.readdirSync(dir)) {
+    const path = `${dir}/${file}`;
+    if (fs.statSync(path).isDirectory()) {
+      for (const child of glob(path, ext)) {
+        files.push(`${file}/${child}`);
+      }
+    }
+    if (path.endsWith(ext) && fs.statSync(path).isFile()) {
+      files.push(file);
+    }
   }
-})();
+  return files;
+}
 
-const specFileSuffix = __filename.endsWith('.ts') ? '.spec.ts' : '.spec.js';
+/**
+ * SourceHasher is a utility for producing a hash of a source .ts file and its imported source files.
+ */
+class SourceHasher {
+  /**
+   * @param path the source file path
+   * @returns a hash of the source file and all of its imported dependencies.
+   */
+  public hashOf(path: string) {
+    this.u32Array[0] = this.hashFile(path);
+    return this.u32Array[0].toString(16);
+  }
+
+  hashFile(path: string): number {
+    if (!fs.existsSync(path) && path.endsWith('.js')) {
+      path = path.substring(0, path.length - 2) + 'ts';
+    }
+
+    const cached = this.hashes.get(path);
+    if (cached !== undefined) {
+      return cached;
+    }
+
+    this.hashes.set(path, 0); // Store a zero hash to handle cyclic imports
+
+    const content = fs.readFileSync(path, { encoding: 'utf-8' });
+    const normalized = content.replace('\r\n', '\n');
+    let hash = crc32(normalized);
+    for (const importPath of parseImports(path, normalized)) {
+      const importHash = this.hashFile(importPath);
+      hash = this.hashCombine(hash, importHash);
+    }
+
+    this.hashes.set(path, hash);
+    return hash;
+  }
 
-async function crawlFilesRecursively(dir: string): Promise<string[]> {
-  const subpathInfo = await Promise.all(
-    (await fs.promises.readdir(dir)).map(async d => {
-      const p = path.join(dir, d);
-      const stats = await fs.promises.stat(p);
-      return {
-        path: p,
-        isDirectory: stats.isDirectory(),
-        isFile: stats.isFile(),
-      };
-    })
-  );
-
-  const files = subpathInfo
-    .filter(i => i.isFile && i.path.endsWith(specFileSuffix))
-    .map(i => i.path);
-
-  return files.concat(
-    await subpathInfo
-      .filter(i => i.isDirectory)
-      .map(i => crawlFilesRecursively(i.path))
-      .reduce(async (a, b) => (await a).concat(await b), Promise.resolve([]))
-  );
+  /** Simple non-cryptographic hash combiner */
+  hashCombine(a: number, b: number): number {
+    return crc32(`${toHexString(a)} ${toHexString(b)}`);
+  }
+
+  private hashes = new Map<string, number>();
+  private u32Array = new Uint32Array(1);
 }
 
+void (async () => {
+  const suiteDirs = nonFlagsArgs.slice(2); // skip <exe> <js>
+  for (const suiteDir of suiteDirs) {
+    await build(suiteDir);
+  }
+})();
+
 async function build(suiteDir: string) {
   if (!fs.existsSync(suiteDir)) {
     console.error(`Could not find ${suiteDir}`);
     process.exit(1);
   }
 
-  // Crawl files and convert paths to be POSIX-style, relative to suiteDir.
-  let filesToEnumerate = (await crawlFilesRecursively(suiteDir)).sort();
+  // Load  hashes.json
+  const fileHashJsonPath = `${outDir}/hashes.json`;
+  let fileHashes: Record<string, string> = {};
+  if (fs.existsSync(fileHashJsonPath)) {
+    const json = fs.readFileSync(fileHashJsonPath, { encoding: 'utf8' });
+    fileHashes = JSON.parse(json);
+  }
 
-  // Filter out non-spec files
-  filesToEnumerate = filesToEnumerate.filter(f => f.endsWith(specFileSuffix));
+  // Crawl files and convert paths to be POSIX-style, relative to suiteDir.
+  const filesToEnumerate = glob(suiteDir, specFileSuffix)
+    .map(p => `${suiteDir}/${p}`)
+    .sort();
 
+  const fileHasher = new SourceHasher();
   const cacheablePathToTS = new Map<string, string>();
+  const errors: Array<string> = [];
 
-  let fileIndex = 0;
   for (const file of filesToEnumerate) {
-    const pathWithoutExtension = file.substring(0, file.length - specFileSuffix.length);
-    const mod = await import(`../../../${pathWithoutExtension}.spec.js`);
+    const pathWithoutExtension = file.substring(0, file.length - 3);
+    const mod = await import(`../../../${pathWithoutExtension}.js`);
     if (mod.d?.serialize !== undefined) {
       const cacheable = mod.d as Cacheable<unknown>;
 
@@ -158,41 +198,78 @@ async function build(suiteDir: string) {
         // Check for collisions
         const existing = cacheablePathToTS.get(cacheable.path);
         if (existing !== undefined) {
-          console.error(
-            `error: Cacheable '${cacheable.path}' is emitted by both:
+          errors.push(
+            `'${cacheable.path}' is emitted by both:
     '${existing}'
 and
     '${file}'`
           );
-          process.exit(1);
         }
         cacheablePathToTS.set(cacheable.path, file);
       }
 
-      const outPath = `${outRootDir}/data/${cacheable.path}`;
+      const outPath = `${outDir}/${cacheable.path}`;
+      const fileHash = fileHasher.hashOf(file);
 
-      if (fileIndex++ % nth.n === nth.i) {
-        switch (mode) {
-          case 'emit': {
+      switch (mode) {
+        case 'emit': {
+          if (!forceRebuild && fileHashes[cacheable.path] === fileHash) {
             if (verbose) {
-              console.log(`building '${outPath}'`);
+              console.log(`'${outPath}' is up to date`);
             }
-            const data = await cacheable.build();
-            const serialized = cacheable.serialize(data);
-            fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(outPath), { recursive: true });
-            fs.writeFileSync(outPath, serialized, 'binary');
-            break;
-          }
-          case 'list': {
-            console.log(outPath);
-            break;
+            continue;
           }
-          case 'validate': {
-            // Only check currently performed is the collision detection above
-            break;
+          console.log(`building '${outPath}'`);
+          const data = await cacheable.build();
+          const serialized = await cacheable.serialize(data);
+          fs.mkdirSync(path.dirname(outPath), { recursive: true });
+          fs.writeFileSync(outPath, serialized, 'binary');
+          fileHashes[cacheable.path] = fileHash;
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'list': {
+          console.log(outPath);
+          break;
+        }
+        case 'validate': {
+          if (fileHashes[cacheable.path] !== fileHash) {
+            errors.push(
+              `'${outPath}' needs rebuilding. Generate with 'npx grunt run:generate-cache'`
+            );
+          } else if (verbose) {
+            console.log(`'${outPath}' is up to date`);
           }
         }
       }
     }
   }
+
+  // Check that there aren't stale files in the cache directory
+  for (const file of glob(outDir, '.bin')) {
+    if (cacheablePathToTS.get(file) === undefined) {
+      switch (mode) {
+        case 'emit':
+          fs.rmSync(file);
+          break;
+        case 'validate':
+          errors.push(
+            `cache file '${outDir}/${file}' is no longer generated. Remove with 'npx grunt run:generate-cache'`
+          );
+          break;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Update hashes.json
+  if (mode === 'emit') {
+    const json = JSON.stringify(fileHashes, undefined, '  ');
+    fs.writeFileSync(fileHashJsonPath, json, { encoding: 'utf8' });
+  }
+
+  if (errors.length > 0) {
+    for (const error of errors) {
+      console.error(error);
+    }
+    process.exit(1);
+  }
 }
diff --git a/src/common/util/crc32.ts b/src/common/util/crc32.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5f74b4662efd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/util/crc32.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+/// CRC32 immutable lookup table data.
+const kCRC32LUT = [
+  0, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3, 0x0edb8832,
+  0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988, 0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91, 0x1db71064,
+  0x6ab020f2, 0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7, 0x136c9856,
+  0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9, 0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5, 0x3b6e20c8,
+  0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172, 0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b, 0x35b5a8fa,
+  0x42b2986c, 0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59, 0x26d930ac,
+  0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423, 0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f, 0x2802b89e,
+  0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924, 0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d, 0x76dc4190,
+  0x01db7106, 0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433, 0x7807c9a2,
+  0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d, 0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01, 0x6b6b51f4,
+  0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e, 0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457, 0x65b0d9c6,
+  0x12b7e950, 0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65, 0x4db26158,
+  0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7, 0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb, 0x4369e96a,
+  0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0, 0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9, 0x5005713c,
+  0x270241aa, 0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f, 0x5edef90e,
+  0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81, 0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad, 0xedb88320,
+  0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a, 0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683, 0xe3630b12,
+  0x94643b84, 0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1, 0xf00f9344,
+  0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb, 0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7, 0xfed41b76,
+  0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc, 0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5, 0xd6d6a3e8,
+  0xa1d1937e, 0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b, 0xd80d2bda,
+  0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55, 0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79, 0xcb61b38c,
+  0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236, 0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f, 0xc5ba3bbe,
+  0xb2bd0b28, 0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d, 0x9b64c2b0,
+  0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713, 0x95bf4a82,
+  0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38, 0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21, 0x86d3d2d4,
+  0xf1d4e242, 0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777, 0x88085ae6,
+  0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69, 0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45, 0xa00ae278,
+  0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2, 0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db, 0xaed16a4a,
+  0xd9d65adc, 0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9, 0xbdbdf21c,
+  0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693, 0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf, 0xb3667a2e,
+  0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94, 0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d,
+];
+
+/**
+ * @param str the input string
+ * @returns the CRC32 of the input string
+ * @see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_redundancy_check#CRC-32_algorithm
+ */
+export function crc32(str: string): number {
+  const utf8 = new TextEncoder().encode(str);
+  const u32 = new Uint32Array(1);
+
+  u32[0] = 0xffffffff;
+  for (const c of utf8) {
+    u32[0] = (u32[0] >>> 8) ^ kCRC32LUT[(u32[0] & 0xff) ^ c];
+  }
+  u32[0] = u32[0] ^ 0xffffffff;
+  return u32[0];
+}
+
+/** @returns the input number has a 8-character hex string */
+export function toHexString(number: number): string {
+  return ('00000000' + number.toString(16)).slice(-8);
+}
diff --git a/src/common/util/parse_imports.ts b/src/common/util/parse_imports.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..4b5604b8972b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/common/util/parse_imports.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+/**
+ * Parses all the paths of the typescript `import` statements from content
+ * @param path the current path of the file
+ * @param content the file content
+ * @returns the list of import paths
+ */
+export function parseImports(path: string, content: string): string[] {
+  const out: string[] = [];
+  const importRE = /^import\s[^'"]*(['"])([./\w]*)(\1);/gm;
+  let importMatch: RegExpMatchArray | null;
+  while ((importMatch = importRE.exec(content))) {
+    const importPath = importMatch[2].replace(`'`, '').replace(`"`, '');
+    out.push(joinPath(path, importPath));
+  }
+  return out;
+}
+
+function joinPath(a: string, b: string): string {
+  const aParts = a.split('/');
+  const bParts = b.split('/');
+  aParts.pop(); // remove file
+  let bStart = 0;
+  while (aParts.length > 0) {
+    switch (bParts[bStart]) {
+      case '.':
+        bStart++;
+        continue;
+      case '..':
+        aParts.pop();
+        bStart++;
+        continue;
+    }
+    break;
+  }
+  return [...aParts, ...bParts.slice(bStart)].join('/');
+}
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/hashes.json b/src/resources/cache/hashes.json
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..aac63261c6fe
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/resources/cache/hashes.json
@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+{
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_addition.bin": "a56b8e5b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_logical.bin": "ae4d0245",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_division.bin": "272d8801",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_addition.bin": "808bf815",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_subtraction.bin": "1d2c3ef5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_multiplication.bin": "51bcd4fa",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_remainder.bin": "4cf24b9a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_subtraction.bin": "320f8bec",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_addition.bin": "2158527",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_logical.bin": "8b97670c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_division.bin": "ab5a1978",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_addition.bin": "281dfb13",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "afb1ba5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "9f0b30b8",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_subtraction.bin": "a0d7171c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "99abdf10",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_multiplication.bin": "c9b3a1f7",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_remainder.bin": "37d766fb",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_subtraction.bin": "569714bb",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_addition.bin": "4036bb6c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_logical.bin": "c761067f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_division.bin": "cd7ff99f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_addition.bin": "9dca27e2",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "6f1a3cee",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "faa9f9b6",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_subtraction.bin": "2d8bce4f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "16935a68",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_multiplication.bin": "3b4bd117",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_remainder.bin": "323866c9",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_subtraction.bin": "e7850558",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/i32_arithmetic.bin": "d385729b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/i32_comparison.bin": "a212a9e5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/u32_arithmetic.bin": "d9387c9a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/u32_comparison.bin": "cb609171",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/abs.bin": "49f7faf5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/acos.bin": "866f09e1",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/acosh.bin": "4560e02a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/asin.bin": "cc81b07b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/asinh.bin": "9725f077",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/atan.bin": "609df34a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/atan2.bin": "fe507972",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/atanh.bin": "57f6b8a3",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/bitcast.bin": "1f24ff3a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/ceil.bin": "4ed0c45b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/clamp.bin": "ad417174",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/cos.bin": "96beac42",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/cosh.bin": "f804dcd",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/cross.bin": "afc0eb76",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/degrees.bin": "91f06824",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/determinant.bin": "eceba086",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/distance.bin": "35e14924",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/dot.bin": "57b17ace",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/exp.bin": "1df2ddb6",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/exp2.bin": "1bd38dd",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/faceForward.bin": "6f4b9a73",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/floor.bin": "f8c9993f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/fma.bin": "8f076f30",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/fract.bin": "2b18f48f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/frexp.bin": "93592d00",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/inverseSqrt.bin": "5cef7c26",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/ldexp.bin": "71954769",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/length.bin": "f0871818",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/log.bin": "365b395d",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/log2.bin": "6d844fc7",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/max.bin": "850c61e6",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/min.bin": "dd9dedde",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/mix.bin": "25b0bc44",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/modf.bin": "3995f421",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/normalize.bin": "40d115ec",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/pack2x16float.bin": "acd2d4cc",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/pow.bin": "ba4aa9d5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/quantizeToF16.bin": "5eaa050",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/radians.bin": "ad3b9408",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/reflect.bin": "371ab49a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/refract.bin": "127389a3",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/round.bin": "cb947f1d",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/saturate.bin": "84a77008",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sign.bin": "694483cb",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sin.bin": "588f5708",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sinh.bin": "55e2f80a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/smoothstep.bin": "f532f7ee",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sqrt.bin": "a12f423b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/step.bin": "56327d5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/tan.bin": "8d9ea9af",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/tanh.bin": "96d01d58",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/transpose.bin": "22e1a807",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/trunc.bin": "eb14c04d",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16float.bin": "cc1e0067",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16snorm.bin": "85f1c3c5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16unorm.bin": "2f956a85",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8snorm.bin": "404052b4",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8unorm.bin": "b7bdf499",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/af_arithmetic.bin": "24315037",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/af_assignment.bin": "405dcc78",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/bool_conversion.bin": "8916fbb",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f16_arithmetic.bin": "d59a9bec",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f16_conversion.bin": "70096394",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f32_arithmetic.bin": "b9430cfe",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f32_conversion.bin": "c03cad58",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/i32_arithmetic.bin": "2bba8fe4",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/i32_complement.bin": "caa954b2",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/i32_conversion.bin": "22a36f9e",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/u32_complement.bin": "fabf96c0",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/u32_conversion.bin": "ec57b500"
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/abs.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/abs.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..17e2229752b1
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/acos.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/acos.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..34406ee6ff36
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/acosh.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/acosh.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..eceb0fcd69a1
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/acosh.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/asin.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/asin.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..718a766f80a2
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/asinh.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/asinh.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..620167622d34
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/atan.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/atan.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..ca9b4104fa4c
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/atan2.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/atan2.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0fca2d1ad0f6
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/atanh.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/atanh.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e5a1e37a594b
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_addition.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_addition.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..703707f13979
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_addition.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_division.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_division.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..d7967e87879c
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_division.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_logical.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_logical.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..da7a412aa503
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_logical.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_addition.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_addition.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3c666bdf7b50
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_addition.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_subtraction.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_subtraction.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb19969f9202
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_subtraction.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_multiplication.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_multiplication.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..35474be82ff2
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_remainder.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_remainder.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3df87ee1a7b0
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_remainder.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_subtraction.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_subtraction.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..61e6da6a4d83
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_addition.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_addition.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5542654a2240
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_division.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_division.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..cb1a05e05437
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_logical.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_logical.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5659be99762d
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_logical.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_addition.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_addition.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..2876edf54f52
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_addition.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..81342f521bf8
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin
new file mode 100644
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16unorm.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16unorm.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..95de6e1222a7
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diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8snorm.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8snorm.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3e3eceae1320
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8snorm.bin differ
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8unorm.bin b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8unorm.bin
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..84fb6cb077d9
Binary files /dev/null and b/src/resources/cache/webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8unorm.bin differ
diff --git a/src/unittests/crc32.spec.ts b/src/unittests/crc32.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..5986823c8a3b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/unittests/crc32.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+export const description = `
+Test for crc32 utility functions.
+`;
+
+import { makeTestGroup } from '../common/framework/test_group.js';
+import { crc32, toHexString } from '../common/util/crc32.js';
+
+import { UnitTest } from './unit_test.js';
+
+class F extends UnitTest {
+  test(content: string, expect: string): void {
+    const got = toHexString(crc32(content));
+    this.expect(
+      expect === got,
+      `
+expected: ${expect}
+got:      ${got}`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+export const g = makeTestGroup(F);
+
+g.test('strings').fn(t => {
+  t.test('', '00000000');
+  t.test('hello world', '0d4a1185');
+  t.test('123456789', 'cbf43926');
+});
diff --git a/src/unittests/parse_imports.spec.ts b/src/unittests/parse_imports.spec.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..0efdc0d17105
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/unittests/parse_imports.spec.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+export const description = `
+Test for "parseImports" utility.
+`;
+
+import { makeTestGroup } from '../common/framework/test_group.js';
+import { parseImports } from '../common/util/parse_imports.js';
+
+import { UnitTest } from './unit_test.js';
+
+class F extends UnitTest {
+  test(content: string, expect: string[]): void {
+    const got = parseImports('a/b/c.js', content);
+    const expectJoined = expect.join('\n');
+    const gotJoined = got.join('\n');
+    this.expect(
+      expectJoined === gotJoined,
+      `
+expected: ${expectJoined}
+got:      ${gotJoined}`
+    );
+  }
+}
+
+export const g = makeTestGroup(F);
+
+g.test('empty').fn(t => {
+  t.test(``, []);
+  t.test(`\n`, []);
+  t.test(`\n\n`, []);
+});
+
+g.test('simple').fn(t => {
+  t.test(`import 'x/y/z.js';`, ['a/b/x/y/z.js']);
+  t.test(`import * as blah from 'x/y/z.js';`, ['a/b/x/y/z.js']);
+  t.test(`import { blah } from 'x/y/z.js';`, ['a/b/x/y/z.js']);
+});
+
+g.test('multiple').fn(t => {
+  t.test(
+    `
+blah blah blah
+import 'x/y/z.js';
+more blah
+import * as blah from 'm/n/o.js';
+extra blah
+import { blah } from '../h.js';
+ending with blah
+`,
+    ['a/b/x/y/z.js', 'a/b/m/n/o.js', 'a/h.js']
+  );
+});
+
+g.test('multiline').fn(t => {
+  t.test(
+    `import {
+  blah
+} from 'x/y/z.js';`,
+    ['a/b/x/y/z.js']
+  );
+  t.test(
+    `import {
+  blahA,
+  blahB,
+} from 'x/y/z.js';`,
+    ['a/b/x/y/z.js']
+  );
+});
+
+g.test('file_characters').fn(t => {
+  t.test(`import '01234_56789.js';`, ['a/b/01234_56789.js']);
+});
+
+g.test('relative_paths').fn(t => {
+  t.test(`import '../x.js';`, ['a/x.js']);
+  t.test(`import '../x/y.js';`, ['a/x/y.js']);
+  t.test(`import '../../x.js';`, ['x.js']);
+  t.test(`import '../../../x.js';`, ['../x.js']);
+  t.test(`import '../../../../x.js';`, ['../../x.js']);
+});
diff --git a/src/webgpu/shader/execution/expression/case_cache.ts b/src/webgpu/shader/execution/expression/case_cache.ts
index ff82792d647d..f9bfd3c00b21 100644
--- a/src/webgpu/shader/execution/expression/case_cache.ts
+++ b/src/webgpu/shader/execution/expression/case_cache.ts
@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ export class CaseCache implements Cacheable<Record<string, CaseList>> {
    * @param builders a Record of case-list name to case-list builder.
    */
   constructor(name: string, builders: Record<string, CaseListBuilder>) {
-    this.path = `webgpu/shader/execution/case-cache/${name}.bin`;
+    this.path = `webgpu/shader/execution/${name}.bin`;
     this.builders = builders;
   }
 
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ export class CaseCache implements Cacheable<Record<string, CaseList>> {
    * serialize() implements the Cacheable.serialize interface.
    * @returns the serialized data.
    */
-  serialize(data: Record<string, CaseList>): Uint8Array {
+  async serialize(data: Record<string, CaseList>): Promise<Uint8Array> {
     const maxSize = 32 << 20; // 32MB - max size for a file
     const stream = new BinaryStream(new ArrayBuffer(maxSize));
     stream.writeU32(Object.keys(data).length);
@@ -172,15 +172,17 @@ export class CaseCache implements Cacheable<Record<string, CaseList>> {
       stream.writeString(name);
       stream.writeArray(data[name], serializeCase);
     }
-    return stream.buffer();
+    const compressed = this.compress('gzip', stream.buffer());
+    return compressed;
   }
 
   /**
    * deserialize() implements the Cacheable.deserialize interface.
    * @returns the deserialize data.
    */
-  deserialize(array: Uint8Array): Record<string, CaseList> {
-    const s = new BinaryStream(array.buffer);
+  async deserialize(array: Uint8Array): Promise<Record<string, CaseList>> {
+    const decompressed = await this.decompress('gzip', array);
+    const s = new BinaryStream(decompressed);
     const casesByName: Record<string, CaseList> = {};
     const numRecords = s.readU32();
     for (let i = 0; i < numRecords; i++) {
@@ -191,6 +193,26 @@ export class CaseCache implements Cacheable<Record<string, CaseList>> {
     return casesByName;
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Compresses a Uint8Array using using the given CompressionFormat
+   */
+  private async compress(format: CompressionFormat, data: Uint8Array): Promise<Uint8Array> {
+    const stream = new Blob([data]).stream();
+    const compressedStream = stream.pipeThrough(new CompressionStream(format));
+    const blob = await new Response(compressedStream).blob();
+    return new Uint8Array(await blob.arrayBuffer());
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Decompresses a Uint8Array using using gzip
+   */
+  private async decompress(format: CompressionFormat, data: Uint8Array): Promise<ArrayBuffer> {
+    const stream = new Blob([data]).stream();
+    const decompressedStream = stream.pipeThrough(new DecompressionStream(format));
+    const blob = await new Response(decompressedStream).blob();
+    return await blob.arrayBuffer();
+  }
+
   public readonly path: string;
   private readonly builders: Record<string, CaseListBuilder>;
 }