diff --git a/src/webgpu/compat/api/validation/pipeline_creation.spec.ts b/src/webgpu/compat/api/validation/pipeline_creation.spec.ts
index 7e70a036f536..e71483610152 100644
--- a/src/webgpu/compat/api/validation/pipeline_creation.spec.ts
+++ b/src/webgpu/compat/api/validation/pipeline_creation.spec.ts
@@ -144,3 +144,205 @@ g.test('depth_textures')
         break;
     }
   });
+
+function numCombosToNumber(maxCombos: number, numCombos: string): number {
+  const m = /^max([+-]?)(\d+)$/.exec(numCombos);
+  if (m) {
+    if (m[1] === '+') {
+      return maxCombos + parseInt(m[2]);
+    } else if (m[1] === '-') {
+      return maxCombos - parseInt(m[2]);
+    } else {
+      return maxCombos;
+    }
+  }
+  return parseInt(numCombos);
+}
+
+function numNonSampledToNumber(maxTextures: number, numNonSampled: '0' | '1' | 'max') {
+  switch (numNonSampled) {
+    case '0':
+      return 0;
+    case '1':
+      return 1;
+    case 'max':
+      return maxTextures;
+  }
+}
+
+g.test('texture_sampler_combos')
+  .desc(
+    `
+Test that you can not use more texture+sampler combos than
+min(maxSamplersPerShaderStage, maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage)
+in compatibility mode.
+`
+  )
+  .params(u =>
+    // prettier-ignore
+    u
+      .combineWithParams([
+        ...([
+          { pass: true,  numCombos: 'max',   numNonSampled: '1',   numExternal: 0, useSame: false },
+          { pass: false, numCombos: 'max+1', numNonSampled: '1',   numExternal: 0, useSame: false },
+          { pass: true,  numCombos: '1',     numNonSampled: 'max', numExternal: 0, useSame: false },
+          { pass: false, numCombos: '2',     numNonSampled: 'max', numExternal: 0, useSame: false },
+          { pass: true,  numCombos: 'max-4', numNonSampled: '0',   numExternal: 1, useSame: false },
+          { pass: false, numCombos: 'max-3', numNonSampled: '0',   numExternal: 1, useSame: false },
+          { pass: true,  numCombos: 'max-8', numNonSampled: '0',   numExternal: 2, useSame: false },
+          { pass: false, numCombos: 'max-7', numNonSampled: '0',   numExternal: 2, useSame: false },
+          { pass: true,  numCombos: 'max-7', numNonSampled: '0',   numExternal: 2, useSame: true },
+          { pass: false, numCombos: 'max-6', numNonSampled: '0',   numExternal: 2, useSame: true },
+        ] as const).map(p => ([{ ...p, stages: 'vertex' }, { ...p, stages: 'fragment' }, { ...p, stages: 'compute' }] as const)).flat(),
+        {   pass: true,  numCombos: 'max',   numNonSampled: '1',   numExternal: 0, useSame: false, stages: 'vertex,fragment' },
+      ] as const)
+      .combine('async', [false, true] as const)
+  )
+  .fn(t => {
+    const { device } = t;
+    const { pass, stages, numCombos, numNonSampled, numExternal, useSame, async } = t.params;
+    const { maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage, maxSamplersPerShaderStage } = device.limits;
+
+    const maxCombos = Math.min(maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage, maxSamplersPerShaderStage);
+    const numCombinations = numCombosToNumber(maxCombos, numCombos);
+    const numNonSampledTextures = numNonSampledToNumber(
+      maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage,
+      numNonSampled
+    );
+
+    const textureDeclarations: string[][] = [[], []];
+    const samplerDeclarations: string[][] = [[], []];
+    const usages: string[][] = [[], []];
+    const bindGroupLayoutEntries: GPUBindGroupLayoutEntry[][] = [[], [], [], []];
+    const numStages = stages === 'compute' ? 1 : 2;
+    const visibilityByStage =
+      stages === 'compute'
+        ? [GPUShaderStage.COMPUTE]
+        : [GPUShaderStage.VERTEX, GPUShaderStage.FRAGMENT];
+
+    const addTextureDeclaration = (stage: number, binding: number) => {
+      textureDeclarations[stage].push(
+        `@group(${stage * 2}) @binding(${binding}) var t${stage}_${binding}: texture_2d<f32>;`
+      );
+      bindGroupLayoutEntries[stage * 2].push({
+        binding,
+        visibility: visibilityByStage[stage],
+        texture: {},
+      });
+    };
+
+    const addSamplerDeclaration = (stage: number, binding: number) => {
+      samplerDeclarations[stage].push(
+        `@group(${stage * 2 + 1}) @binding(${binding}) var s${stage}_${binding}: sampler;`
+      );
+      bindGroupLayoutEntries[stage * 2 + 1].push({
+        binding,
+        visibility: visibilityByStage[stage],
+        sampler: {},
+      });
+    };
+
+    const addExternalTextureDeclaration = (stage: number, binding: number, id: number) => {
+      textureDeclarations[stage].push(
+        `@group(${stage * 2}) @binding(${binding}) var e${stage}_${id}: texture_external;`
+      );
+      bindGroupLayoutEntries[stage * 2].push({
+        binding,
+        visibility: visibilityByStage[stage],
+        externalTexture: {},
+      });
+    };
+
+    for (let stage = 0; stage < numStages; ++stage) {
+      let count = 0;
+      for (let t = 0; count < numCombinations && t < maxSampledTexturesPerShaderStage; ++t) {
+        addTextureDeclaration(stage, t);
+        for (let s = 0; count < numCombinations && s < maxSamplersPerShaderStage; ++s) {
+          if (t === 0) {
+            addSamplerDeclaration(stage, s);
+          }
+          usages[stage].push(
+            `  c += textureSampleLevel(t${stage}_${t}, s${stage}_${s}, vec2f(0), 0);`
+          );
+          ++count;
+        }
+      }
+
+      for (let t = 0; t < numNonSampledTextures; ++t) {
+        if (t >= textureDeclarations[stage].length) {
+          addTextureDeclaration(stage, t);
+        }
+        usages[stage].push(`  c += textureLoad(t${stage}_${t}, vec2u(0), 0);`);
+      }
+
+      for (let t = 0; t < numExternal; ++t) {
+        if (t === 0 || !useSame) {
+          const et = textureDeclarations[stage].length + t;
+          addExternalTextureDeclaration(stage, et, t);
+        }
+        const eBinding = useSame ? 0 : t;
+        const sBinding = useSame ? t : 0;
+        usages[stage].push(
+          `  c += textureSampleBaseClampToEdge(e${stage}_${eBinding}, s${stage}_${sBinding}, vec2f(0));`
+        );
+      }
+    }
+
+    const code = `
+${textureDeclarations[0].join('\n')}
+${textureDeclarations[1].join('\n')}
+
+${samplerDeclarations[0].join('\n')}
+${samplerDeclarations[1].join('\n')}
+
+fn usage0() -> vec4f {
+  var c: vec4f;
+  ${usages[0].join('\n')}
+  return c;
+}
+
+fn usage1() -> vec4f {
+  var c: vec4f;
+  ${usages[1].join('\n')}
+  return c;
+}
+
+@vertex fn vs() -> @builtin(position) vec4f {
+  _ = ${stages.includes('vertex') ? 'usage0()' : 'vec4f(0)'};
+  return vec4f(0);
+}
+
+@group(2) @binding(0) var tt: texture_2d<f32>;
+
+@fragment fn fs() -> @location(0) vec4f {
+  return ${stages.includes('fragment') ? 'usage1()' : 'vec4f(0)'};
+}
+
+@compute @workgroup_size(1) fn cs() {
+  _ = usage0();
+}
+
+`;
+
+    // MAINTENANCE_TODO: remove this. It's only needed because of a bug in dawn
+    // with auto layouts.
+    const layout = device.createPipelineLayout({
+      bindGroupLayouts: bindGroupLayoutEntries.map(entries =>
+        device.createBindGroupLayout({ entries })
+      ),
+    });
+
+    const module = device.createShaderModule({ code });
+    if (stages === 'compute') {
+      t.doCreateComputePipelineTest(async, pass || !t.isCompatibility, {
+        layout,
+        compute: { module },
+      });
+    } else {
+      t.doCreateRenderPipelineTest(async, pass || !t.isCompatibility, {
+        layout,
+        vertex: { module },
+        fragment: { module, targets: [{ format: 'rgba8unorm' }] },
+      });
+    }
+  });