diff --git a/src/common/runtime/helper/options.ts b/src/common/runtime/helper/options.ts
index 5ec7140d3ae..2bea817d44a 100644
--- a/src/common/runtime/helper/options.ts
+++ b/src/common/runtime/helper/options.ts
@@ -102,7 +102,10 @@ export const kCTSOptionsInfo: OptionsInfos<CTSOptions> = {
   debug: { description: 'show more info' },
   compatibility: { description: 'run in compatibility mode' },
   forceFallbackAdapter: { description: 'pass forceFallbackAdapter: true to requestAdapter' },
-  enforceDefaultLimits: { description: 'force the adapter limits to the default limits' },
+  enforceDefaultLimits: {
+    description: `force the adapter limits to the default limits.
+Note: May fail on tests for low-power/high-performance`,
+  },
   unrollConstEvalLoops: { description: 'unroll const eval loops in WGSL' },
   powerPreference: {
     description: 'set default powerPreference for some tests',
diff --git a/src/common/util/navigator_gpu.ts b/src/common/util/navigator_gpu.ts
index 9f137dd933c..728b8cdadf5 100644
--- a/src/common/util/navigator_gpu.ts
+++ b/src/common/util/navigator_gpu.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 // eslint-disable-next-line import/no-restricted-paths
-import { getDefaultLimitsForAdapter } from '../../webgpu/capability_info.js';
 import { TestCaseRecorder } from '../framework/fixture.js';
 import { globalTestConfig } from '../framework/test_config.js';
 
@@ -34,6 +33,7 @@ export function setGPUProvider(provider: GPUProvider) {
 }
 
 let impl: GPU | undefined = undefined;
+let s_defaultLimits: Record<string, GPUSize64> | undefined = undefined;
 
 let defaultRequestAdapterOptions: GPURequestAdapterOptions | undefined;
 
@@ -52,6 +52,14 @@ export function getDefaultRequestAdapterOptions() {
   return defaultRequestAdapterOptions;
 }
 
+function copyLimits(objLike: GPUSupportedLimits) {
+  const obj: Record<string, number> = {};
+  for (const key in objLike) {
+    obj[key] = (objLike as unknown as Record<string, number>)[key];
+  }
+  return obj;
+}
+
 /**
  * Finds and returns the `navigator.gpu` object (or equivalent, for non-browser implementations).
  * Throws an exception if not found.
@@ -65,15 +73,28 @@ export function getGPU(recorder: TestCaseRecorder | null): GPU {
 
   if (globalTestConfig.enforceDefaultLimits) {
     // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
-    const oldFn = impl.requestAdapter;
+    const origRequestAdapterFn = impl.requestAdapter;
+    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
+    const origRequestDeviceFn = GPUAdapter.prototype.requestDevice;
+
     impl.requestAdapter = async function (options?: GPURequestAdapterOptions) {
-      const adapter = await oldFn.call(this, { ...defaultRequestAdapterOptions, ...options });
+      if (!s_defaultLimits) {
+        const tempAdapter = await origRequestAdapterFn.call(this, {
+          ...defaultRequestAdapterOptions,
+          ...options,
+        });
+        // eslint-disable-next-line no-restricted-syntax
+        const tempDevice = await tempAdapter?.requestDevice();
+        s_defaultLimits = copyLimits(tempDevice!.limits);
+        tempDevice?.destroy();
+      }
+      const adapter = await origRequestAdapterFn.call(this, {
+        ...defaultRequestAdapterOptions,
+        ...options,
+      });
       if (adapter) {
         const limits = Object.fromEntries(
-          Object.entries(getDefaultLimitsForAdapter(adapter)).map(([key, { default: v }]) => [
-            key,
-            v,
-          ])
+          Object.entries(s_defaultLimits).map(([key, v]) => [key, v])
         );
 
         Object.defineProperty(adapter, 'limits', {
@@ -87,17 +108,15 @@ export function getGPU(recorder: TestCaseRecorder | null): GPU {
 
     const enforceDefaultLimits = (adapter: GPUAdapter, desc: GPUDeviceDescriptor | undefined) => {
       if (desc?.requiredLimits) {
-        const limits = getDefaultLimitsForAdapter(adapter);
         for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(desc.requiredLimits)) {
-          const info = limits[key as keyof ReturnType<typeof getDefaultLimitsForAdapter>];
-          if (info && value !== undefined) {
-            const [beyondLimit, condition] =
-              info.class === 'maximum'
-                ? [value > info.default, 'greater']
-                : [value < info.default, 'less'];
+          const limit = s_defaultLimits![key];
+          if (limit !== undefined && value !== undefined) {
+            const [beyondLimit, condition] = key.startsWith('max')
+              ? [value > limit, 'greater']
+              : [value < limit, 'less'];
             if (beyondLimit) {
               throw new DOMException(
-                `requestedLimit ${value} for ${key} is ${condition} than adapter limit ${info.default}`,
+                `requestedLimit ${value} for ${key} is ${condition} than adapter limit ${limit}`,
                 'OperationError'
               );
             }
@@ -106,14 +125,22 @@ export function getGPU(recorder: TestCaseRecorder | null): GPU {
       }
     };
 
-    // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/unbound-method
-    const origFn = GPUAdapter.prototype.requestDevice;
     GPUAdapter.prototype.requestDevice = async function (
       this: GPUAdapter,
       desc?: GPUDeviceDescriptor | undefined
     ) {
+      // We need to enforce the default limits because even though we patched the adapter to
+      // show defaults for adapter.limits, there are tests that test we throw when we request more than the max.
+      // In other words.
+      //
+      //   adapter.requestDevice({ requiredLimits: {
+      //     maxXXX: addapter.limits.maxXXX + 1,  // should throw
+      //   });
+      //
+      // But unless we enforce this manually, it won't actual through if the adapter's
+      // true limits are higher than we patched above.
       enforceDefaultLimits(this, desc);
-      return await origFn.call(this, desc);
+      return await origRequestDeviceFn.call(this, desc);
     };
   }
 
diff --git a/src/resources/cache/hashes.json b/src/resources/cache/hashes.json
index abf50ddcf2c..7f214ed4d33 100644
--- a/src/resources/cache/hashes.json
+++ b/src/resources/cache/hashes.json
@@ -1,112 +1,112 @@
 {
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_addition.bin": "5408a94a",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_logical.bin": "1d33464b",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_division.bin": "65b73bb6",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_addition.bin": "35487ff5",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_subtraction.bin": "3289a7a2",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_multiplication.bin": "30ecda2d",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_remainder.bin": "ee1b68bd",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_subtraction.bin": "66966082",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_addition.bin": "f6c2622f",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_logical.bin": "93930f71",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_division.bin": "271933e8",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_addition.bin": "f7a9b40a",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "db7072c9",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "b0303b76",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_subtraction.bin": "edd3ccf",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "6b6aab4f",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_multiplication.bin": "df977744",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_remainder.bin": "54eaaa18",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_subtraction.bin": "ccb413fc",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_addition.bin": "77eded0d",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_logical.bin": "8fe5762b",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_division.bin": "3bd88eb1",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_addition.bin": "6978f1b0",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "3884d7de",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "7696009e",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_subtraction.bin": "ddc14abb",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "73de6c8e",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_multiplication.bin": "2e8c2ac9",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_remainder.bin": "e3177f52",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_subtraction.bin": "caaadf56",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/i32_arithmetic.bin": "bd8e9f33",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/i32_comparison.bin": "76a32f73",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/u32_arithmetic.bin": "7f23f1ed",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/u32_comparison.bin": "af2a5678",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/abs.bin": "e8e1ea83",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/acos.bin": "31f1ed7c",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/acosh.bin": "a7cb33a1",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/asin.bin": "8ba86fc4",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/asinh.bin": "2e2bf668",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/atan.bin": "430514c3",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/atan2.bin": "ae6817b5",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/atanh.bin": "1a0b7d8f",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/bitcast.bin": "4ae03bc0",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/ceil.bin": "56fe5677",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/clamp.bin": "5d094bf4",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/cos.bin": "b7ad204e",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/cosh.bin": "fa2f83cb",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/cross.bin": "3e1af337",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/degrees.bin": "2f19b33b",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/determinant.bin": "f76c17f4",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/distance.bin": "6969e44a",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/dot.bin": "30da82e",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/exp.bin": "a4732d12",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/exp2.bin": "84801f38",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/faceForward.bin": "83a06f41",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/floor.bin": "2128b59f",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/fma.bin": "c89a9b44",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/fract.bin": "e9abda08",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/frexp.bin": "77a177df",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/inverseSqrt.bin": "3436ce23",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/ldexp.bin": "990e3515",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/length.bin": "bdd3557d",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/log.bin": "3f875472",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/log2.bin": "2a5deabe",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/max.bin": "4d651b8c",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/min.bin": "d04ec399",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/mix.bin": "21317ca4",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/modf.bin": "2ccbf20b",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/normalize.bin": "b40908b4",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/pack2x16float.bin": "6081f086",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/pow.bin": "3b43ebfd",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/quantizeToF16.bin": "7b730228",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/radians.bin": "53b98108",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/reflect.bin": "48554589",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/refract.bin": "7b87b0bf",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/round.bin": "f1902f69",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/saturate.bin": "d1b03abc",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/sign.bin": "11274a63",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/sin.bin": "29a57158",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/sinh.bin": "c9a446b4",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/smoothstep.bin": "e169b991",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/sqrt.bin": "d52c7e6c",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/step.bin": "5e7ec97a",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/tan.bin": "d4d2c708",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/tanh.bin": "c4885953",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/transpose.bin": "b46b7447",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/trunc.bin": "6b54eb50",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16float.bin": "60acf1b0",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16snorm.bin": "3953f12b",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16unorm.bin": "b31090b1",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8snorm.bin": "de8990eb",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8unorm.bin": "d6ee5b49",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/af_arithmetic.bin": "7f09aa85",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/af_assignment.bin": "6a7f0f82",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/bool_conversion.bin": "8fcb14ff",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f16_arithmetic.bin": "84b2e3e",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f16_conversion.bin": "f30cb12c",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f32_arithmetic.bin": "d7d69b4f",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f32_conversion.bin": "7081e848",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/i32_arithmetic.bin": "af3f3824",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/i32_conversion.bin": "2753cd5f",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/u32_conversion.bin": "37d1d643",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/ai_assignment.bin": "25777c",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/ai_arithmetic.bin": "88cad0b3",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/ai_arithmetic.bin": "27145100",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "ef8c71c4",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "b193fd0d",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "e69afbcf",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/derivatives.bin": "ae627673",
-  "webgpu/shader/execution/fwidth.bin": "ecd0c359"
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_addition.bin": "a076fefd",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_logical.bin": "5ef95b51",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_division.bin": "2ee1f517",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_addition.bin": "46d1c536",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_subtraction.bin": "1ba9140b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_multiplication.bin": "f55ec87f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_remainder.bin": "39607546",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_subtraction.bin": "a1e1671b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_addition.bin": "98ec8cbb",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_logical.bin": "e1b101aa",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_division.bin": "f24f41e6",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_addition.bin": "a6c126ba",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "4810437f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "33bd4e0b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_subtraction.bin": "2a42a145",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "17eeecc2",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_multiplication.bin": "5ee924d2",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_remainder.bin": "a371e824",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f16_subtraction.bin": "c5e6d455",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_addition.bin": "371675d2",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_logical.bin": "6c691798",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_division.bin": "11ed1f8d",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_addition.bin": "662a8c2a",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "3bef3e82",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "4b0d7b28",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_subtraction.bin": "c1b78a5f",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "3ae5663c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_multiplication.bin": "7c887b3c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_remainder.bin": "955b27f7",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/f32_subtraction.bin": "10a5d990",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/i32_arithmetic.bin": "d8d24c51",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/i32_comparison.bin": "97a65e83",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/u32_arithmetic.bin": "76af97a5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/u32_comparison.bin": "107ae7dd",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/abs.bin": "8702bbde",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/acos.bin": "505d4e5c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/acosh.bin": "6d849181",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/asin.bin": "3739abaa",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/asinh.bin": "5f912ea9",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/atan.bin": "d15dc231",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/atan2.bin": "60eb6015",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/atanh.bin": "f8b2fb79",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/bitcast.bin": "af41ce05",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/ceil.bin": "8da53d8b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/clamp.bin": "a02c15b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/cos.bin": "4f444ab6",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/cosh.bin": "aaa40c4b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/cross.bin": "534a949c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/degrees.bin": "2d55f678",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/determinant.bin": "5b49ee94",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/distance.bin": "d6963680",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/dot.bin": "e03347d6",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/exp.bin": "a5affb43",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/exp2.bin": "21d376a0",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/faceForward.bin": "e0e2ad0e",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/floor.bin": "3658073",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/fma.bin": "a7cc5707",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/fract.bin": "44a3775d",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/frexp.bin": "241abedb",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/inverseSqrt.bin": "766974b5",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/ldexp.bin": "db0c0fcf",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/length.bin": "c1240c03",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/log.bin": "98aceda7",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/log2.bin": "ffdc85d7",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/max.bin": "a2c6c4b1",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/min.bin": "344390ef",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/mix.bin": "367c1ff3",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/modf.bin": "7be6faa3",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/normalize.bin": "b2b9eb0c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/pack2x16float.bin": "a66da753",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/pow.bin": "a9858b9",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/quantizeToF16.bin": "bf80d34e",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/radians.bin": "cc7b8d0c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/reflect.bin": "cb0be6ee",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/refract.bin": "501ac731",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/round.bin": "b4ea1e61",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/saturate.bin": "2783de66",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sign.bin": "30ad6ecf",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sin.bin": "9f8b5d9e",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sinh.bin": "d988cc09",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/smoothstep.bin": "2e89af8e",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/sqrt.bin": "55dd81cf",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/step.bin": "f1bced79",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/tan.bin": "a8354079",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/tanh.bin": "fd1c38ee",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/transpose.bin": "e8bdca54",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/trunc.bin": "ffedffa",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16float.bin": "9251ad61",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16snorm.bin": "6133b78b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack2x16unorm.bin": "291b47bd",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8snorm.bin": "93230ee1",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unpack4x8unorm.bin": "99fd9a23",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/af_arithmetic.bin": "dc1de35b",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/af_assignment.bin": "6a907068",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/bool_conversion.bin": "4fb09ad6",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f16_arithmetic.bin": "5443808d",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f16_conversion.bin": "e6f6743",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f32_arithmetic.bin": "980abd9d",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/f32_conversion.bin": "c666a6e8",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/i32_arithmetic.bin": "4c1bf2ef",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/i32_conversion.bin": "9d2e1411",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/u32_conversion.bin": "962b68ac",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/ai_assignment.bin": "d34f3811",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/ai_arithmetic.bin": "b4811a5c",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/unary/ai_arithmetic.bin": "d203a070",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_matrix_multiplication.bin": "1405c422",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_scalar_multiplication.bin": "c24e7f75",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/binary/af_matrix_vector_multiplication.bin": "e36fcfd",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/derivatives.bin": "e8c5ea73",
+  "webgpu/shader/execution/fwidth.bin": "cb050a6f"
 }
\ No newline at end of file