diff --git a/HISTORY.md b/HISTORY.md
index afd9c78d..4833a919 100644
--- a/HISTORY.md
+++ b/HISTORY.md
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 unreleased
 =========================
 
+* extract shared utility functions
 * remove `unpipe` package and use native `unpipe()` method
 
 2.0.1 / 2024-09-10
diff --git a/lib/types/json.js b/lib/types/json.js
index 30bf8cab..4647c0a5 100644
--- a/lib/types/json.js
+++ b/lib/types/json.js
@@ -12,13 +12,12 @@
  * @private
  */
 
-var bytes = require('bytes')
-var contentType = require('content-type')
 var createError = require('http-errors')
 var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:json')
 var isFinished = require('on-finished').isFinished
 var read = require('../read')
 var typeis = require('type-is')
+var { getCharset, normalizeOptions } = require('../utils')
 
 /**
  * Module exports.
@@ -53,24 +52,10 @@ var JSON_SYNTAX_REGEXP = /#+/g
 
 function json (options) {
   var opts = options || {}
+  var { inflate, limit, verify, shouldParse } = normalizeOptions(opts, 'application/json')
 
-  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
-    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
-    : opts.limit
-  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
   var reviver = opts.reviver
   var strict = opts.strict !== false
-  var type = opts.type || 'application/json'
-  var verify = opts.verify || false
-
-  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
-    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
-  }
-
-  // create the appropriate type checking function
-  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
-    ? typeChecker(type)
-    : type
 
   function parse (body) {
     if (body.length === 0) {
@@ -196,21 +181,6 @@ function firstchar (str) {
     : undefined
 }
 
-/**
- * Get the charset of a request.
- *
- * @param {object} req
- * @api private
- */
-
-function getCharset (req) {
-  try {
-    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
-  } catch (e) {
-    return undefined
-  }
-}
-
 /**
  * Normalize a SyntaxError for JSON.parse.
  *
@@ -235,16 +205,3 @@ function normalizeJsonSyntaxError (error, obj) {
 
   return error
 }
-
-/**
- * Get the simple type checker.
- *
- * @param {string} type
- * @return {function}
- */
-
-function typeChecker (type) {
-  return function checkType (req) {
-    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lib/types/raw.js b/lib/types/raw.js
index bfe274cf..611ac0c2 100644
--- a/lib/types/raw.js
+++ b/lib/types/raw.js
@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
-var bytes = require('bytes')
 var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:raw')
 var isFinished = require('on-finished').isFinished
 var read = require('../read')
 var typeis = require('type-is')
+var { normalizeOptions } = require('../utils')
 
 /**
  * Module exports.
@@ -32,22 +32,7 @@ module.exports = raw
 
 function raw (options) {
   var opts = options || {}
-
-  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
-  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
-    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
-    : opts.limit
-  var type = opts.type || 'application/octet-stream'
-  var verify = opts.verify || false
-
-  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
-    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
-  }
-
-  // create the appropriate type checking function
-  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
-    ? typeChecker(type)
-    : type
+  var { inflate, limit, verify, shouldParse } = normalizeOptions(opts, 'application/octet-stream')
 
   function parse (buf) {
     return buf
@@ -89,16 +74,3 @@ function raw (options) {
     })
   }
 }
-
-/**
- * Get the simple type checker.
- *
- * @param {string} type
- * @return {function}
- */
-
-function typeChecker (type) {
-  return function checkType (req) {
-    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lib/types/text.js b/lib/types/text.js
index b153931b..3b51060d 100644
--- a/lib/types/text.js
+++ b/lib/types/text.js
@@ -10,12 +10,11 @@
  * Module dependencies.
  */
 
-var bytes = require('bytes')
-var contentType = require('content-type')
 var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:text')
 var isFinished = require('on-finished').isFinished
 var read = require('../read')
 var typeis = require('type-is')
+var { getCharset, normalizeOptions } = require('../utils')
 
 /**
  * Module exports.
@@ -33,23 +32,9 @@ module.exports = text
 
 function text (options) {
   var opts = options || {}
+  var { inflate, limit, verify, shouldParse } = normalizeOptions(opts, 'text/plain')
 
   var defaultCharset = opts.defaultCharset || 'utf-8'
-  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
-  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
-    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
-    : opts.limit
-  var type = opts.type || 'text/plain'
-  var verify = opts.verify || false
-
-  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
-    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
-  }
-
-  // create the appropriate type checking function
-  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
-    ? typeChecker(type)
-    : type
 
   function parse (buf) {
     return buf
@@ -94,31 +79,3 @@ function text (options) {
     })
   }
 }
-
-/**
- * Get the charset of a request.
- *
- * @param {object} req
- * @api private
- */
-
-function getCharset (req) {
-  try {
-    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
-  } catch (e) {
-    return undefined
-  }
-}
-
-/**
- * Get the simple type checker.
- *
- * @param {string} type
- * @return {function}
- */
-
-function typeChecker (type) {
-  return function checkType (req) {
-    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lib/types/urlencoded.js b/lib/types/urlencoded.js
index 687745f8..725fec2e 100644
--- a/lib/types/urlencoded.js
+++ b/lib/types/urlencoded.js
@@ -12,14 +12,13 @@
  * @private
  */
 
-var bytes = require('bytes')
-var contentType = require('content-type')
 var createError = require('http-errors')
 var debug = require('debug')('body-parser:urlencoded')
 var isFinished = require('on-finished').isFinished
 var read = require('../read')
 var typeis = require('type-is')
 var qs = require('qs')
+var { getCharset, normalizeOptions } = require('../utils')
 
 /**
  * Module exports.
@@ -37,21 +36,12 @@ module.exports = urlencoded
 
 function urlencoded (options) {
   var opts = options || {}
+  var { inflate, limit, verify, shouldParse } = normalizeOptions(opts, 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded')
 
   var extended = Boolean(opts.extended)
-  var inflate = opts.inflate !== false
-  var limit = typeof opts.limit !== 'number'
-    ? bytes.parse(opts.limit || '100kb')
-    : opts.limit
-  var type = opts.type || 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
-  var verify = opts.verify || false
   var charsetSentinel = opts.charsetSentinel
   var interpretNumericEntities = opts.interpretNumericEntities
 
-  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
-    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
-  }
-
   var defaultCharset = opts.defaultCharset || 'utf-8'
   if (defaultCharset !== 'utf-8' && defaultCharset !== 'iso-8859-1') {
     throw new TypeError('option defaultCharset must be either utf-8 or iso-8859-1')
@@ -60,11 +50,6 @@ function urlencoded (options) {
   // create the appropriate query parser
   var queryparse = createQueryParser(opts, extended)
 
-  // create the appropriate type checking function
-  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
-    ? typeChecker(type)
-    : type
-
   function parse (body, encoding) {
     return body.length
       ? queryparse(body, encoding)
@@ -184,21 +169,6 @@ function createQueryParser (options, extended) {
   }
 }
 
-/**
- * Get the charset of a request.
- *
- * @param {object} req
- * @api private
- */
-
-function getCharset (req) {
-  try {
-    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
-  } catch (e) {
-    return undefined
-  }
-}
-
 /**
  * Count the number of parameters, stopping once limit reached
  *
@@ -222,16 +192,3 @@ function parameterCount (body, limit) {
 
   return count
 }
-
-/**
- * Get the simple type checker.
- *
- * @param {string} type
- * @return {function}
- */
-
-function typeChecker (type) {
-  return function checkType (req) {
-    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
-  }
-}
diff --git a/lib/utils.js b/lib/utils.js
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..6f255f43
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/utils.js
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+/*!
+ * body-parser
+ * Copyright(c) 2014-2015 Douglas Christopher Wilson
+ * MIT Licensed
+ */
+
+'use strict'
+
+/**
+ * Module dependencies.
+ */
+
+var bytes = require('bytes')
+var contentType = require('content-type')
+var typeis = require('type-is')
+
+/**
+ * Module exports.
+ */
+
+module.exports = {
+  getCharset,
+  normalizeOptions
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the charset of a request.
+ *
+ * @param {object} req
+ * @api private
+ */
+
+function getCharset (req) {
+  try {
+    return (contentType.parse(req).parameters.charset || '').toLowerCase()
+  } catch (e) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Get the simple type checker.
+ *
+ * @param {string} type
+ * @return {function}
+ */
+
+function typeChecker (type) {
+  return function checkType (req) {
+    return Boolean(typeis(req, type))
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Normalizes the common options for all parsers.
+ *
+ * @param {object} options
+ * @param {string} defaultType
+ * @returns {object}
+ */
+function normalizeOptions (options, defaultType) {
+  var inflate = options.inflate !== false
+  var limit = typeof options.limit !== 'number'
+    ? bytes.parse(options.limit || '100kb')
+    : options.limit
+  var type = options.type || defaultType
+  var verify = options.verify || false
+
+  if (verify !== false && typeof verify !== 'function') {
+    throw new TypeError('option verify must be function')
+  }
+
+  // create the appropriate type checking function
+  var shouldParse = typeof type !== 'function'
+    ? typeChecker(type)
+    : type
+
+  return {
+    inflate,
+    limit,
+    verify,
+    shouldParse
+  }
+}