diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index c055b547..e8725671 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -17,13 +17,13 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         include:
           # Earliest-supported Elixir/Erlang pair.
-          - elixir: "1.12"
+          - elixir: "1.14"
             otp: "24.3"
             PLUG_CRYPTO_2_0: "false"
 
           # Latest-supported Elixir/Erlang pair.
           - elixir: "1.18"
-            otp: "27.2"
+            otp: "27.3"
             lint: lint
             PLUG_CRYPTO_2_0: "true"
 
diff --git a/lib/plug/application.ex b/lib/plug/application.ex
index de3a8c0f..46090c59 100644
--- a/lib/plug/application.ex
+++ b/lib/plug/application.ex
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ defmodule Plug.Application do
     Plug.Keys = :ets.new(Plug.Keys, [:named_table, :public, read_concurrency: true])
 
     children = [
-      Plug.Upload
+      Plug.Upload.Supervisor
     ]
 
     Supervisor.start_link(children, name: __MODULE__, strategy: :one_for_one)
diff --git a/lib/plug/upload.ex b/lib/plug/upload.ex
index b5b83037..376c9c6d 100644
--- a/lib/plug/upload.ex
+++ b/lib/plug/upload.ex
@@ -40,7 +40,6 @@ defmodule Plug.Upload do
   @dir_table __MODULE__.Dir
   @path_table __MODULE__.Path
   @max_attempts 10
-  @temp_env_vars ~w(PLUG_TMPDIR TMPDIR TMP TEMP)s
 
   @doc """
   Requests a random file to be created in the upload directory
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ defmodule Plug.Upload do
           :ok
 
         [] ->
-          server = plug_server()
+          server = plug_server(to_pid)
           {:ok, tmp} = generate_tmp_dir()
           :ok = GenServer.call(server, {:give_away, to_pid, tmp, path})
           :ets.delete_object(@path_table, {from_pid, path})
@@ -105,7 +104,7 @@ defmodule Plug.Upload do
         {:ok, tmp}
 
       [] ->
-        server = plug_server()
+        server = plug_server(pid)
         GenServer.cast(server, {:monitor, pid})
 
         with {:ok, tmp} <- generate_tmp_dir() do
@@ -188,30 +187,23 @@ defmodule Plug.Upload do
     end
   end
 
-  defp plug_server do
-    Process.whereis(__MODULE__) ||
+  defp plug_server(pid) do
+    PartitionSupervisor.whereis_name({__MODULE__, pid})
+  rescue
+    ArgumentError ->
       raise Plug.UploadError,
             "could not find process Plug.Upload. Have you started the :plug application?"
   end
 
   @doc false
   def start_link(_) do
-    GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, :ok, name: __MODULE__)
+    GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, :ok)
   end
 
   ## Callbacks
 
   @impl true
   def init(:ok) do
-    Process.flag(:trap_exit, true)
-    tmp = Enum.find_value(@temp_env_vars, "/tmp", &System.get_env/1) |> Path.expand()
-    cwd = Path.join(File.cwd!(), "tmp")
-    # Add a tiny random component to avoid clashes between nodes
-    suffix = :crypto.strong_rand_bytes(3) |> Base.url_encode64()
-    :persistent_term.put(__MODULE__, {[tmp, cwd], suffix})
-
-    :ets.new(@dir_table, [:named_table, :public, :set])
-    :ets.new(@path_table, [:named_table, :public, :duplicate_bag])
     {:ok, %{}}
   end
 
@@ -255,12 +247,6 @@ defmodule Plug.Upload do
     {:noreply, state}
   end
 
-  @impl true
-  def terminate(_reason, _state) do
-    folder = fn entry, :ok -> delete_path(entry) end
-    :ets.foldl(folder, :ok, @path_table)
-  end
-
   defp delete_path({_pid, path}) do
     :file.delete(path)
     :ok
diff --git a/lib/plug/upload/supervisor.ex b/lib/plug/upload/supervisor.ex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a1374517
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/plug/upload/supervisor.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+defmodule Plug.Upload.Supervisor do
+  @moduledoc false
+  use Supervisor
+
+  @temp_env_vars ~w(PLUG_TMPDIR TMPDIR TMP TEMP)s
+  @dir_table Plug.Upload.Dir
+  @path_table Plug.Upload.Path
+  @otp_vsn System.otp_release() |> String.to_integer()
+  @write_mode if @otp_vsn >= 25, do: :auto, else: true
+  @ets_opts [:public, :named_table, read_concurrency: true, write_concurrency: @write_mode]
+
+  def start_link(args) do
+    Supervisor.start_link(__MODULE__, args, name: __MODULE__)
+  end
+
+  @impl true
+  def init(_args) do
+    # Initialize the upload system
+    tmp = Enum.find_value(@temp_env_vars, "/tmp", &System.get_env/1) |> Path.expand()
+    cwd = Path.join(File.cwd!(), "tmp")
+    # Add a tiny random component to avoid clashes between nodes
+    suffix = :crypto.strong_rand_bytes(3) |> Base.url_encode64()
+    :persistent_term.put(Plug.Upload, {[tmp, cwd], suffix})
+    :ets.new(@dir_table, [:set | @ets_opts])
+    :ets.new(@path_table, [:duplicate_bag | @ets_opts])
+
+    children = [
+      Plug.Upload.Terminator,
+      {PartitionSupervisor, child_spec: Plug.Upload, name: Plug.Upload}
+    ]
+
+    Supervisor.init(children, strategy: :one_for_one)
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/plug/upload/terminator.ex b/lib/plug/upload/terminator.ex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..343f573c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/plug/upload/terminator.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+defmodule Plug.Upload.Terminator do
+  @moduledoc false
+  use GenServer
+
+  @path_table Plug.Upload.Path
+
+  def start_link(_) do
+    GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, :ok)
+  end
+
+  @impl true
+  def init(:ok) do
+    Process.flag(:trap_exit, true)
+    {:ok, %{}}
+  end
+
+  @impl true
+  def terminate(_reason, _state) do
+    folder = fn entry, :ok -> delete_path(entry) end
+    :ets.foldl(folder, :ok, @path_table)
+  end
+
+  defp delete_path({_pid, path}) do
+    :file.delete(path)
+    :ok
+  end
+end
diff --git a/test/plug/upload_test.exs b/test/plug/upload_test.exs
index c9ae1b96..89a218b9 100644
--- a/test/plug/upload_test.exs
+++ b/test/plug/upload_test.exs
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ defmodule Plug.UploadTest do
 
   test "terminate removes all files" do
     {:ok, path} = Plug.Upload.random_file("sample")
-    :ok = Plug.Upload.terminate(:shutdown, [])
+    :ok = Plug.Upload.Terminator.terminate(:shutdown, [])
     refute File.exists?(path)
   end
 
@@ -224,4 +224,54 @@ defmodule Plug.UploadTest do
         wait_until(fn -> not File.exists?(path1) end)
     end
   end
+
+  test "give_away with invalid path returns error" do
+    result = Plug.Upload.give_away("/invalid/path", spawn(fn -> :ok end))
+    assert result == {:error, :unknown_path}
+  end
+
+  test "give_away when target process dies during transfer" do
+    {:ok, path} = Plug.Upload.random_file("target_dies")
+
+    # Create a process that dies immediately
+    pid = spawn(fn -> :ok end)
+
+    # This should still work but file will be cleaned up when dead process is detected
+    result = Plug.Upload.give_away(path, pid)
+    assert result == :ok
+    wait_until(fn -> not File.exists?(path) end)
+  end
+
+  test "routes uploads to correct partition based on process" do
+    parent = self()
+    num_processes = 10
+
+    # Create uploads from different processes and verify they get different servers
+    tasks =
+      Enum.map(1..num_processes, fn i ->
+        Task.async(fn ->
+          {:ok, path} = Plug.Upload.random_file("partition_test_#{i}")
+          server = PartitionSupervisor.whereis_name({Plug.Upload, self()})
+          send(parent, {:result, i, path, server})
+          path
+        end)
+      end)
+
+    # Collect results
+    results =
+      Enum.map(1..num_processes, fn _ ->
+        receive do
+          {:result, i, path, server} -> {i, path, server}
+        after
+          1_000 -> flunk("didn't get result")
+        end
+      end)
+
+    # Verify different processes got different servers (partitioning working)
+    servers = Enum.map(results, fn {_, _, server} -> server end)
+    assert length(Enum.uniq(servers)) > 1
+
+    # Cleanup
+    Enum.each(tasks, &Task.await/1)
+  end
 end