Update docs for plugins (#832)

* Update docs for plugins

* Use headings for the plugin API

* Delete accidentally added Wasm file

Author: jeffcharles

docs/docs-contributing-architecture.md

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ This document is intended to provide an overview of the architecture of `javy`.
 flowchart TD
   javy-cli --> wasm
   subgraph wasm[plugin.wasm]
-  javy-plugin --> javy
+  javy-plugin --> javy-plugin-api
+  javy-plugin-api --> javy
   javy --> rquickjs
   end
 ```
@@ -30,7 +31,7 @@ QuickJS that would be helpful, this is the place to add it.
 #### Example
 
 This is a contrived example of how to make a change. If I want to add
-a configuuration to set a global variable called `javy_rocks` to `true`, I would
+a configuration to set a global variable called `javy_rocks` to `true`, I would
 do the following:
 
 In `crates/javy/src/config.rs`:
@@ -39,41 +40,56 @@ In `crates/javy/src/config.rs`:
   /// A configuration for [`Runtime`](crate::Runtime).
   #[derive(Debug)]
   pub struct Config {
-+     pub(crate) set_javy_rocks: bool,
++     pub(crate) javy_rocks: bool,
   }
 
   impl Default for Config {
       /// Creates a [`Config`] with default values.
       fn default() -> Self {
           Self {
-+             set_javy_rocks: false,
++             javy_rocks: false,
           }
       }
   }
 
   impl Config {
 +     /// Sets `globalThis.javy_rocks` to `true`.
-+     pub fn set_javy_rocks(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
-+         self.set_javy_rocks = true;
++     pub fn javy_rocks(&mut self) -> &mut Self {
++         self.javy_rocks = true;
 +         self
 +     }
   }
 ```
 
+In `crates/javy/src/apis/javy_rocks.rs`:
+
+```rust
+pub struct JavyRocks;
+
+impl Instrinsic for JavyRocks {
+    unsafe fn add_intrinsic(ctx: NonNull<qjs::JSContext>) {
+        register(Ctx::from_raw(ctx)).expect("registering Javy Rocks to succeed")
+    }
+}
+
+fn register<'js>(this: Ctx<'js>) -> Result<()> {
+    let globals = this.globals();
+    globals.set("javy_rocks", true);
+}
+```
+
 In `crates/javy/src/runtime.rs`:
 
 ```diff
-+        context.with(|cx| {
-+            if cfg.set_javy_rocks {
-+                let globals = cx.globals();
-+                globals.set("javy_rocks", true);
++        if cfg.javy_rocks {
++            unsafe {
++                JavyRocks::add_intrinsic(ctx.as_raw())
 +            }
-+        });
-+
++        }
 ```
 
-
-Read the `config` and call the appropriate methods on `context` to apply the
+Define a new property on the `Config`, in `runtime`'s `build_from_config` add
+the intrinsic if the config property is enabled, and use `context` to define the
 configuration.
 
 #### When to add a `cargo` feature
@@ -110,9 +126,10 @@ You should gate your feature with a cargo feature if your feature/change:
 ### `javy-plugin`
 
 Gets compiled to `plugin.wasm` for use by the CLI and in environments for
-running dynamically linked modules. This isn't intended to be used as a code
-library by third parties. Contains logic for driving the `javy` crate for Wasm
-modules generated by `javy-cli`.
+running dynamically linked modules. This is the default plugin for Javy.
+This isn't intended to be used as a code library by third parties. Defines a
+an `initialize_runtime` function that uses a configuration structure to
+allow the CLI to set various JS runtime configuration options.
 
 #### When to add a `cargo` feature
 
@@ -122,6 +139,13 @@ this for the event loop because the current implementation has not been
 thoroughly vetted. We also need a build of Javy with event loop support to run
 a number of web platform tests for text encoding.
 
+### `javy-plugin-api`
+
+Used by Javy plugins to provide common implementations for exports and custom
+sections the plugin is expected to expose. This drives the APIs exposed by the
+`javy` crate. For example, this crate adds a Wasm function export for `invoke`
+to the plugin which is used for actually running the JavaScript.
+
 ## `npm` packages
 
 ### `javy`

docs/docs-using-dynamic-linking.md

@@ -10,24 +10,30 @@ linked modules do not and will not execute in WebAssembly runtimes that do not
 meet these requirements.
 
 To successfully instantiate and run a dynamically linked Javy module, the
-execution environment must provide a `javy_quickjs_provider_v<version>` namespace for
-importing that links to the exports provided by the `plugin.wasm`
-module. Dynamically linked modules **cannot** be instantiated in environments
-that do not provide this import.
+execution environment must provide a collection of imports that match the
+exports from a Javy plugin Wasm module (for example,
+`canonical_abi_realloc` and `invoke`). The namespace for these imports must
+match the import namespace specified by the Javy plugin Wasm module used to
+generate the dynamically linked Wasm module (this is, if the plugin's import
+namespace was `my_plugin_v1`, then the imports must be made available under the
+module name `my_plugin_v1`). This value is available from the `import_namespace`
+custom section in the Javy plugin module. You can also statically inspect the
+imports of the dynamically linked Wasm module to determine the import
+namespace. Dynamically linked modules **cannot** be instantiated in
+environments that do not provide the required imports.
 
 Dynamically linked Javy modules are tied to QuickJS since they use QuickJS's
 bytecode representation.
 
+#### Obtaining the default plugin module
 
-#### Obtaining the plugin module
+The `plugin.wasm` module is available as an asset on the Javy release you are
+using. 
 
-The `plugin.wasm` module is available as an asset on the Javy
-release you are using. 
+It can also be obtained by running `javy emit-plugin -o <path>` to write the
+module into `<path>`.
 
-It can also be obtained by running `javy emit-plugin -o
-<path>` to write the module into `<path>`.
-
-#### Creating and running a dynamically linked module througy the CLI
+#### Creating and running a dynamically linked module through the CLI
 
 Run:
 

docs/docs-using-extending.md

@@ -1,28 +1,106 @@
 # Extending
 
 If you want to use Javy for your own project, you may find that the existing
-code is not sufficient since you may want to offer custom APIs or use different
-branding for the CLI. The approach we'd recommend taking is to create your own
-version of the `javy-cli` and `javy-plugin` crates (you could fork these if you
-would like) and depend on the upstream version of the `javy` crate. You can add
-your own implementations of custom JS APIs in your fork of the `javy-plugin` crate
-or in a different crate that you depend on in your `javy-plugin` fork. If you find
-that something is missing in the `javy` crate that you require to implement
-something in your fork, we would appreciate it if you would open a GitHub issue
-and consider making the change upstream instead of in your fork so all users of
-the `javy` crate can benefit.
+code is not sufficient since you may want to offer custom JavaScript APIs. The
+approach we recommend taking is to create your own Javy plugin Wasm module.
+This plugin module can then be specified when using the Javy CLI when building
+Javy Wasm modules as a `-C plugin` flag when using `javy build`.
+
+To create your own Javy plugin Wasm module, create a new Rust project that
+will compile to a library (that is, `cargo init --lib`).
+
+Your `Cargo.toml` should look like:
+
+```toml
+[package]
+name = "my-plugin-name"
+version = "0.1.0"
+
+[lib]
+name = "my_plugin_name"
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+javy-plugin-api = "1.0.0"
+```
+
+And `src/lib.rs` should look like:
+
+```rust
+use javy_plugin_api::import_namespace;
+use javy_plugin_api::javy::quickjs::prelude::Func;
+use javy_plugin_api::javy::Config;
+
+import_namespace!("my_plugin_name");
+
+#[export_name = "initialize_runtime"]
+pub extern "C" fn initialize_runtime() {
+    let mut config = Config::default();
+    config
+        .text_encoding(true)
+        .javy_stream_io(true);
+
+    javy_plugin_api::initialize_runtime(config, |runtime| {
+        runtime
+            .context()
+            .with(|ctx| {
+                ctx.globals()
+                    .set("isThisAPlugin", Func::from(|| "yes it is"))
+            })
+            .unwrap();
+        runtime
+    })
+    .unwrap();
+}
+```
+
+You can then run `cargo build --target=wasm32-wasip1 --release` to create a
+Wasm module. Then you need to run
+
+```
+javy init-plugin <path_to_plugin> -o <path_to_initialized_module>`
+```
+
+which will validate and initialize the Javy runtime. This `javy init-plugin`
+step is required for the plugin to be useable by the Javy CLI.
 
 See our documentation on [using complex data types in Wasm
 functions](./contributing-complex-data-types.md) for how to support Wasm
 functions that need to use byte arrays, strings, or structured data.
 
-For a visual representation of how we expect forks to consume our crates:
+## The full plugin API
 
-```mermaid
-flowchart TD
-  your-cli --> wasm
-  subgraph wasm[your_plugin.wasm]
-  your-plugin --> javy[upstream javy]
-  javy --> rquickjs
-  end
-```
+This is the Wasm API the Javy CLI expects Javy plugins to expose. The
+`javy-plugin-api` crate will export implementations of all required exported
+functions except `initialize_runtime`. `import_namespace!` will define the
+`import_namespace` custom section.
+
+### Exported Wasm functions
+
+#### `initialize_runtime() -> ()`
+
+This will initialize a mutable global containing the Javy runtime for use by
+`compile_src` and `invoke`.
+
+#### `canonical_abi_realloc(orig_ptr: i32, orig_len: i32, new_ptr: i32, new_len: i32) -> ptr: i32`
+
+This is used to allocate memory in the plugin module.
+
+#### `compile_src(src_ptr: i32, src_len: i32) -> bytecode_wide_ptr: i32`
+
+This is used to compile JavaScript source code to QuickJS bytecode. The return
+pointer points to a tuple of `(bytecode_ptr: i32, bytecode_len: i32)` in the
+plugin instance's linear memory.
+
+#### `invoke(bytecode_ptr: i32, bytecode_len: i32, fn_name_ptr: i32, fn_name_len: i32) -> ()`
+
+This is used to evaluate the JavaScript code and optionally to call an exported
+JS function if `fn_name_ptr` is not `0`.
+
+### Custom sections
+
+#### `import_namespace`
+
+Contains a UTF-8 encoded string. This is used to determine the namespace that
+will be used for the Wasm imports in dynamically linked modules built with this
+plugin.