GLOSSARY.md

Glossary - Ubiquitous Language

This glossary defines the ubiquitous language used throughout the ISO 13053-2 SDK. All team members should use these terms consistently in code, documentation, and communication.

Core Concepts

Term	Definition	Related Terms
Six Sigma	Methodology for process improvement using statistical methods and DMAIC approach	DMAIC, Zvalue, DPMO
DMAIC	Five-phase improvement methodology: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control	Phase, Gate Review
Sigma Score	Metric indicating process quality; relates to defect rate	Zvalue, Yield, DPMO
Zvalue	Number of standard deviations between process mean and specification limit	Sigma Score, Process Capability

DMAIC Phases

Define Phase

Term	Definition
Project Charter	Contract between sponsor and team defining project scope, goals, and resources
SIPOC	Visual representation of Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, Customers
CTQ	Critical to Quality - characteristics that must meet customer requirements
CTQ Tree	Hierarchical breakdown of customer needs into measurable CTQ characteristics
Voice of the Customer (VOC)	Information expressing customer expectations and needs
Third Party	External stakeholders impacted by the process (e.g., regulators, community)
Kano Model	Quality management tool for prioritizing customer requirements into categories
House of Quality	Matrix tool relating customer expectations to functional specifications
Affinity Diagram	Tool for organizing and grouping ideas from brainstorming sessions
Benchmarking	Method for comparing performance against leading organizations
Top Y	Primary CTQ characteristic for both customer and organization
Gate Review	Project milestone review to validate phase completion

Measure Phase

Term	Definition
MSA	Measurement System Analysis - studies explaining measurement system performance
Data Collection Plan	Document specifying what, how, and when data will be collected
Sample Size	Number of units to be sampled from a population for analysis
Normality Test	Statistical test to determine if data follows normal distribution
Descriptive Statistics	Summary statistics describing data characteristics (mean, std dev, etc.)
Indicator	Measure tracking changes of important quantities over time
ppm	Parts per million - defect rate metric
DPMO	Defects Per Million Opportunities - accounts for multiple defect types
Process Capability	Metrics (Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk) indicating process ability to meet specifications
Operational Definition	Clear description of a measurement and how it is derived
Confidence Interval	Interval within which a parameter lies with specified probability

Analyze Phase

Term	Definition
Cause and Effect Diagram	Visual tool (Ishikawa, Fishbone) displaying potential causes of a problem
5Ms+E	Categories in cause analysis: Machine, Materials, Manpower, Method, Measurement, Environment
Waste Analysis	Identification of non-value-adding activities (7 wastes)
Value Stream Analysis	Workplace system for cost-effective function delivery
Services Delivery Model	Modeling of service delivery through customer, interface, and physical media roles
Hypothesis Testing	Statistical tests comparing parameters (mean, variance, proportion)
Regression	Statistical method to quantify relationships between variables
Correlation	Measure of linear relationship between two variables
DOE	Design of Experiments - systematic methodology for collecting process information

Improve Phase

Term	Definition
Brainstorming	Group creativity technique for generating ideas
Prioritization Matrix	Tool for ranking causes/solutions by impact and criteria
FMEA	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis - method for risk assessment and prioritization
RPN	Risk Priority Number - product of severity, occurrence, and detection rankings
Reliability	Ability of an item to perform its function for specified time and conditions
MTTF	Mean Time To Failure - average time before first failure
MTBF	Mean Time Between Failures - average time between consecutive failures

Control Phase

Term	Definition
Control Chart	Tool for monitoring process performance over time with statistical limits
Control Plan	Document specifying procedures for process and product quality control
Monitoring Plan	Plan for ongoing observation and measurement of process performance
Project Review	Closure process including feedback, lessons learned, and communication
TPM	Total Productive Maintenance - approach to maintain reliability over time
5S	Workplace organization methodology

Data Types

Term	Definition
Continuous Data	Measured on a scale that can be subdivided
Discrete Data	Classified data that cannot be subdivided
Attribute Data	Discrete data from nominal or ordinal scales

Quality and Metrics

Term	Definition
Defect	Non-fulfillment of a requirement
Defect Opportunity	Any measurable event creating a possible defect
Defective Unit	Unit with one or more defects
Unit	Item produced or handled
Yield	Proportion of good outputs from a process
COQ	Cost of Quality
COPQ	Cost of Poor Quality
ROI	Return on Investment

Process Concepts

Term	Definition
Process	Set of interrelated activities transforming inputs into outputs
Process Map	Graphical display of a process
Input	Resources or data required to execute a process
Output	Products or services generated through a process
Customer	Organization or person receiving a product (internal or external)
Supplier	Provider of inputs to a process

Risk and Reliability

Term	Definition
Common Cause	Source of variation inherent in a process over time
Special Cause	Source of variation from known or exceptional factors
Failure Mode	Specific way in which a process or product can fail
Severity (S)	Ranking of failure consequence (used in FMEA)
Occurrence (O)	Ranking of failure frequency (used in FMEA)
Detection (D)	Ranking of failure detectability (used in FMEA)
Environmental Aspect	Activity/product/service that could interact with environment

Statistical Symbols

Symbol	Meaning
b0	Intercept in regression equation
b1	Coefficient in regression equation
C	Criticality number (used in FMEA)
c	Number of defects
D	Detection ranking (used in FMEA)
L	Lower specification limit
N	Population size
n	Sample size
O	Occurrence ranking (used in FMEA)
p	Proportion
r	Correlation coefficient
Σ	Summation
σ̂	Estimated population standard deviation
S	Severity ranking (used in FMEA)
s	Sample standard deviation
U	Upper specification limit
X	Random variable (independent)
X̄	Mean value of X
Y	Random variable (dependent)
Ȳ	Mean value of Y
Ŷ	Predicted value of Y
YDPMO	Calculated value of DPMO
Yppm	Calculated value of ppm
Zvalue	Sigma score or value

Abbreviations

Abbreviation	Full Name
ANOVA	Analysis of Variance
CTQC	Critical to Quality Characteristics
DMAIC	Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
DPMO	Defects Per Million Opportunities
FMEA	Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
FMECA	Failure Mode, Effects, and Criticality Analysis
GRR	Gauge Repeatability and Reproducibility
ppm	Parts Per Million
RACI	Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed
ROI	Return on Investment
RPN	Risk Priority Number
SIPOC	Supplier, Input, Process, Output, Customer

Quality Categories (Kano Model)

Category	Description
Attractive	Unexpected feature that creates high customer satisfaction
One-dimensional	Feature that causes dissatisfaction if missing, satisfaction if present
Must-be	Basic requirement; customers refuse products without it
Offered	Market-driven feature based on economic criteria
Indifferent	Feature with no effect on satisfaction
Sceptical	Feature that may negatively influence customer

Seven Wastes (Lean)

Waste Type	Description
Overproduction	Producing more than necessary or earlier than planned
Waiting	Time spent waiting for materials, repairs, etc.
Unnecessary Conveyance	Movement of equipment/parts without added value
Over-processing	Heavy, cumbersome procedures beyond needs
Excess Inventory	More stock than necessary
Motion	Unnecessary movements from poor layout
Defects	Rejected products or unsatisfactory services

Project Management

Term	Definition
Gantt Chart	Planning tool displaying project timeline
Milestone	Key point in project timeline
Critical Path	Sequence of essential tasks determining project duration
RACI Matrix	Competency matrix assigning roles (Responsible, Accountable, Consulted, Informed)
Project Scope	Boundaries of what is included/excluded in project

Notes

• All domain entities and value objects use these terms consistently
• Variable naming in code should follow this glossary
• API documentation should reference these terms
• Use the same terminology in error messages and logging