Use dynamic uniform buffer in post processing example (#13540)

# Objective

While learning about shaders and pipelines, I found this example to be
misleading; it wasn't clear to me how the node knew what the correct
"instance" of `PostProcessSettings` we should send to the shader (as the
combination of `ExtractComponentPlugin` and `UniformComponentPlugin`
extracts + sends _all_ of our `PostProcessSetting` components to the
GPU).

The goal of this PR is to clarify how to target the view specific
`PostProcessSettings` in the shader when there are multiple cameras.

## Solution

To accomplish this, we can use a dynamic uniform buffer for
`PostProcessSettings`, querying for the relevant `DynamicUniformIndex`
in the `PostProcessNode` to get the relevant index to use with the bind
group.

While the example in its current state is _correct_, I believe that fact
that it's intended to showcase a per camera post processing effect
warrants a dynamic uniform buffer (even though in the context of this
example we have only one camera, and therefore no adverse behaviour).

## Testing

- Run the `post_processing` example before and after this change,
verifying they behave the same.

## Reviewer notes

This is my first PR to Bevy, and I'm by no means an expert in the world
of rendering (though I'm trying to learn all I can). If there's a better
way to do this / a reason not to take this route, I'd love to hear it!

Thanks in advance.

Author: jgayfer

examples/shader/post_processing.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ use bevy::{
     prelude::*,
     render::{
         extract_component::{
-            ComponentUniforms, ExtractComponent, ExtractComponentPlugin, UniformComponentPlugin,
+            ComponentUniforms, DynamicUniformIndex, ExtractComponent, ExtractComponentPlugin,
+            UniformComponentPlugin,
         },
         render_graph::{
             NodeRunError, RenderGraphApp, RenderGraphContext, RenderLabel, ViewNode, ViewNodeRunner,
@@ -127,6 +128,9 @@ impl ViewNode for PostProcessNode {
         &'static ViewTarget,
         // This makes sure the node only runs on cameras with the PostProcessSettings component
         &'static PostProcessSettings,
+        // As there could be multiple post processing components sent to the GPU (one per camera),
+        // we need to get the index of the one that is associated with the current view.
+        &'static DynamicUniformIndex<PostProcessSettings>,
     );
 
     // Runs the node logic
@@ -140,7 +144,7 @@ impl ViewNode for PostProcessNode {
         &self,
         _graph: &mut RenderGraphContext,
         render_context: &mut RenderContext,
-        (view_target, _post_process_settings): QueryItem<Self::ViewQuery>,
+        (view_target, _post_process_settings, settings_index): QueryItem<Self::ViewQuery>,
         world: &World,
     ) -> Result<(), NodeRunError> {
         // Get the pipeline resource that contains the global data we need
@@ -212,7 +216,10 @@ impl ViewNode for PostProcessNode {
         // This is mostly just wgpu boilerplate for drawing a fullscreen triangle,
         // using the pipeline/bind_group created above
         render_pass.set_render_pipeline(pipeline);
-        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &bind_group, &[]);
+        // By passing in the index of the post process settings on this view, we ensure
+        // that in the event that multiple settings were sent to the GPU (as would be the
+        // case with multiple cameras), we use the correct one.
+        render_pass.set_bind_group(0, &bind_group, &[settings_index.index()]);
         render_pass.draw(0..3, 0..1);
 
         Ok(())
@@ -243,7 +250,7 @@ impl FromWorld for PostProcessPipeline {
                     // The sampler that will be used to sample the screen texture
                     sampler(SamplerBindingType::Filtering),
                     // The settings uniform that will control the effect
-                    uniform_buffer::<PostProcessSettings>(false),
+                    uniform_buffer::<PostProcessSettings>(true),
                 ),
             ),
         );