Python 是一种广泛使用的高级编程语言，以简洁、易读著称。它支持多种编程范式，如面向对象、函数式和过程式编程，适用于数据分析、人工智能、Web开发、自动化等众多领域。拥有丰富的第三方库和活跃的开发社区，是初学者和专业人士的首选语言。
下载软件包
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.13.3/Python-3.13.3.tgz
解压软件包
tar -xzf Python-3.13.3.tgz
cd Python-3.13.3
安装编译依赖
sudo dnf install -y gcc openssl-devel bzip2-devel libffi-devel \
zlib-devel xz-devel wget make ncurses-devel gdbm-devel \
readline-devel sqlite-devel tk-devel uuid-devel
配置编译选项
其中，--enable-optimizations 选项会启用额外的优化步骤，提高 Python 的运行性能。
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/software/python3.13.3 \
--enable-optimizations --with-ensurepip=install
编译并安装
使用 make altinstall 而非 make install，可以避免覆盖系统默认的 Python 版本。
make -j$(nproc)
make altinstall
配置软链接
ln -s /usr/local/software/python3.13.3 /usr/local/software/python3
配置环境变量
cat >> ~/.bash_profile <<"EOF"
## PYTHON_HOME
export PYTHON_HOME=/usr/local/software/python3
export PATH=$PYTHON_HOME/bin:$PATH
EOF
source ~/.bash_profile
配置全局仓库
编辑配置文件
mkdir -p ~/.pip
cat > ~/.pip/pip.conf <<EOF
[global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
target=/data/download/python
[install]
trusted-host = pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn
EOF
创建目录
sudo mkdir -p /data/download/python
sudo chown -R admin:ateng /data/download/python
验证安装
$ python3.13 --version
Python 3.13.3
$ pip3.13 config list
global.index-url='https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple'
global.target='/data/download/python'
install.trusted-host='pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn'
设置软链接
ln -s /usr/local/software/python3.13.3/bin/python3.13 /usr/local/software/python3/bin/python
ln -s /usr/local/software/python3.13.3/bin/python3.13 /usr/local/software/python3/bin/python3
ln -s /usr/local/software/python3.13.3/bin/pip3.13 /usr/local/software/python3/bin/pip3
ln -s /usr/local/software/python3.13.3/bin/pip3.13 /usr/local/software/python3/bin/pip
下载测试
pip install requests
ls -l /data/download/python