THRIFT-5828: reduce over-allocation in Go binary protocol

Due to a subtle caveat in buffer.Bytes the Go binary protocol method
ReadBinary() always over-allocated.

We now allocate the asked size directly up to 10 MiB, and then
use io.CopyN to maintain the malformed message protection.

The existing benchmarks show that we reduce allocations for small
payloads.

Ran the existing benchmarks in lib/go/thrift with and without this
change:
% go test -run X -bench . -benchmem > <file>

% benchcmp -changed old.txt new.txt
[...]
benchmark                                   old allocs     new allocs     delta
BenchmarkSafeReadBytes/normal-20            5              2              -60.00%
BenchmarkBinaryBinary_0-20                  4              1              -75.00%
BenchmarkBinaryBinary_1-20                  4              1              -75.00%
BenchmarkBinaryBinary_2-20                  5              2              -60.00%
BenchmarkCompactBinary0-20                  4              1              -75.00%
BenchmarkCompactBinary1-20                  4              1              -75.00%
BenchmarkCompactBinary2-20                  5              2              -60.00%
BenchmarkSerializer/baseline-20             8              5              -37.50%
BenchmarkSerializer/plain-20                20             17             -15.00%
BenchmarkSerializer/pool-20                 8              5              -37.50%

benchmark                                   old bytes     new bytes     delta
BenchmarkSafeReadBytes/normal-20            1656          160           -90.34%
BenchmarkBinaryBinary_0-20                  1608          160           -90.05%
BenchmarkBinaryBinary_1-20                  1608          160           -90.05%
BenchmarkBinaryBinary_2-20                  1634          184           -88.74%
BenchmarkCompactBinary0-20                  1608          160           -90.05%
BenchmarkCompactBinary1-20                  1608          160           -90.05%
BenchmarkCompactBinary2-20                  1634          184           -88.74%
BenchmarkSerializer/baseline-20             1000          416           -58.40%
BenchmarkSerializer/plain-20                3640          3056          -16.04%
BenchmarkSerializer/pool-20                 1002          417           -58.38%

Author: leitzler

lib/go/thrift/binary_protocol.go

@@ -555,6 +555,15 @@ func safeReadBytes(size int32, trans io.Reader) ([]byte, error) {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
 
+	// Fast path for reads smaller than 10 MiB that only allocates exactly
+	// what is asked for.
+	const readLimit = 10 * 1024 * 1024
+	if size < readLimit {
+		b := make([]byte, size)
+		n, err := io.ReadFull(trans, b)
+		return b[:n], err
+	}
+
 	buf := new(bytes.Buffer)
 	_, err := io.CopyN(buf, trans, int64(size))
 	return buf.Bytes(), err