Proposal: Introduce cmakePresets.json in cpp/ to Simplify CI and Standardize Builds

[SYaoJun]

Benefits

1. cmakePresets.json can eliminate duplicated CMake command logic.
2. It provides predefined build, test, and coverage presets, making the CI workflow more declarative and easier to maintain.

Effects of Modifications

1. local build scripts.(eg. build_macos.sh build_ubuntu.sh)
2. CI build commands

I would appreciate feedback from the community on this proposal.

[SYaoJun]

ref: arrow CMakePresets.json