[C++][FlightRPC] ODBC Linux job on cpp_extra fails due to missing sudo

[raulcd]

Describe the bug, including details regarding any error messages, version, and platform.

The ODBC Linux fails with sudo not found:

+ '[' OFF == ON ']'
/bin/bash: line 3: sudo: command not found
Max cache size                       10 GiB

Component(s)

C++, FlightRPC

[raulcd]

cc @alinaliBQ @justing-bq

[alinaliBQ]

@raulcd Thanks for raising this. We are adding sudo as part of #49787. cc @justing-bq

I believe this issue might have been introduced in #50190, since we started seeing the CI failure after this PR has been merged. My guess is that install_ceph.sh might have been implicitly installing sudo, and removing the script caused sudo not be installed.