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title
Linux 虚拟环境

  • 编辑

    sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.old
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ trusty-backports main restricted universe multiverse

esc / shift + ZZ

  • 更新：

    sudo apt-get update

  • 检查

    python3 --version

  • 安装其他版本 python3

    #
cd /home/androllen
wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.5/Python-3.7.5.tgz
tar -zxvf Python-3.7.5.tgz
cd Python-3.7.5
# 创建安装目录
mkdir -p /usr/lib/python3.7
# 安装配置
./configure --prefix=/usr/lib/python3.7
# 编译
make
# 安装
make install
# 建立 Python3 的软链:
ln -s /usr/lib/python3.7/ /usr/bin/python3.7

  • 安装 PIP

    cd /home/androllen
sudo wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
# 多试几次
sudo python3 get-pip.py
or
# 可能无效
sudo apt install python3-pip
# 查看现有安装的python
whereis python3
or
sudo find / -type f -mount -name pip3

pip3 -V
pip -V
pip3 list

  • 更换 PIP 源

    清华：https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

    阿里云：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/

    中国科技大学 https://pypi.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/simple/

  • 更换方法

    • 可以在使用pip的时候加参数

      pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple django

    • Linux

      修改 ~/.pip/pip.conf (没有就创建一个文件夹及文件。文件夹要加“.”，表示是隐藏文件夹)内容如下：

      [global]
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
[install]
trusted-host=mirrors.aliyun.com

    • windows

      %appdata%
C:\Users\Androllen\AppData\Roaming
# 空白处 -> Shift + 鼠标右键 -> 在此处打开 Linux shell
mkdir pip

[global]
index-url=https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple
# 复制内容到 pip.ini
pip.ini

  • 设置 python 默认版本为 python3

    sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 150
update-alternatives: using /usr/bin/python3.7 to provide /usr/bin/python (python) in auto mode

androllen@DESKTOP-4QBCHIN:/usr/bin$ python
Python 3.7.5 (default, Nov  7 2019, 10:50:52)
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

# 设置快捷方式 py3
sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/py3 python /usr/bin/python3.7 150
update-alternatives: renaming python link from /usr/bin/python to /usr/bin/py3

androllen@DESKTOP-4QBCHIN:/usr/bin$ py3
Python 3.7.5 (default, Nov  7 2019, 10:50:52)
[GCC 8.3.0] on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>>

  • 卸载 Python2.7

    # 卸载python2.7
sudo apt-get remove python2.7
# 卸载python2.7及其依赖
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove python2.7
# 消除python2.7
sudo apt-get purge python2.7
or
sudo apt-get purge --auto-remove python2.7
sudo rm -rf /usr/bin/python2.7

# 卸载 python
rpm -qa|grep python2.7 | xargs rpm -ev --allmatches --nodeps


# 删除所有残余文件
whereis python2.7 | xargs rm -frv