diff --git a/cmd/zed/agents/zfs_retire.c b/cmd/zed/agents/zfs_retire.c
index d68272bea731..58819118b92e 100644
--- a/cmd/zed/agents/zfs_retire.c
+++ b/cmd/zed/agents/zfs_retire.c
@@ -395,13 +395,15 @@ zfs_retire_recv(fmd_hdl_t *hdl, fmd_event_t *ep, nvlist_t *nvl,
 	    &state);
 
 	/*
-	 * If this is a resource notifying us of device removal then simply
-	 * check for an available spare and continue unless the device is a
-	 * l2arc vdev, in which case we just offline it.
+	 * If this is a resource notifying us of device removal or a device
+	 * that can't be opened (UNAVAIL), then check for an available spare
+	 * and continue unless the device is a l2arc vdev, in which case we
+	 * just offline it.
 	 */
 	if (strcmp(class, "resource.fs.zfs.removed") == 0 ||
 	    (strcmp(class, "resource.fs.zfs.statechange") == 0 &&
-	    (state == VDEV_STATE_REMOVED || state == VDEV_STATE_FAULTED))) {
+	    (state == VDEV_STATE_REMOVED || state == VDEV_STATE_FAULTED ||
+	    state == VDEV_STATE_CANT_OPEN))) {
 		const char *devtype;
 		char *devname;
 		boolean_t skip_removal = B_FALSE;
diff --git a/include/sys/dsl_scan.h b/include/sys/dsl_scan.h
index bcb98af40067..f7eeddd21692 100644
--- a/include/sys/dsl_scan.h
+++ b/include/sys/dsl_scan.h
@@ -76,9 +76,11 @@ typedef struct dsl_scan_phys {
 typedef enum dsl_scan_flags {
 	DSF_VISIT_DS_AGAIN = 1<<0,
 	DSF_SCRUB_PAUSED = 1<<1,
+	DSF_SORTED_SCAN = 1<<2,	/* scan is using sorted (sequential) method */
 } dsl_scan_flags_t;
 
-#define	DSL_SCAN_FLAGS_MASK (DSF_VISIT_DS_AGAIN)
+#define	DSL_SCAN_FLAGS_MASK \
+	(DSF_VISIT_DS_AGAIN | DSF_SCRUB_PAUSED | DSF_SORTED_SCAN)
 
 typedef struct dsl_errorscrub_phys {
 	uint64_t dep_func; /* pool_scan_func_t */
diff --git a/include/sys/fs/zfs.h b/include/sys/fs/zfs.h
index 87422658cf23..05cc8062ed54 100644
--- a/include/sys/fs/zfs.h
+++ b/include/sys/fs/zfs.h
@@ -953,6 +953,8 @@ typedef struct zpool_load_policy {
 	"org.openzfs:raidz_expand_end_time"
 #define	VDEV_TOP_ZAP_RAIDZ_EXPAND_BYTES_COPIED \
 	"org.openzfs:raidz_expand_bytes_copied"
+#define	VDEV_TOP_ZAP_RAIDZ_EXPAND_BYTES_TO_COPY \
+	"org.openzfs:raidz_expand_bytes_to_copy"
 
 /* vdev metaslab allocation bias */
 #define	VDEV_ALLOC_BIAS_LOG		"log"
diff --git a/include/sys/vdev_raidz.h b/include/sys/vdev_raidz.h
index df8c2aed4045..820fb818fb2f 100644
--- a/include/sys/vdev_raidz.h
+++ b/include/sys/vdev_raidz.h
@@ -129,6 +129,13 @@ typedef struct vdev_raidz_expand {
 	uint64_t vre_start_time;
 	uint64_t vre_end_time;
 	uint64_t vre_bytes_copied;
+	/*
+	 * Total bytes to copy, captured at expansion start to prevent
+	 * progress from exceeding 100% when new data is written during
+	 * expansion. This field is 0 for backward compatibility with older
+	 * pools that didn't capture this value at expansion start.
+	 */
+	uint64_t vre_bytes_to_copy;
 } vdev_raidz_expand_t;
 
 typedef struct vdev_raidz {
diff --git a/module/zfs/dsl_scan.c b/module/zfs/dsl_scan.c
index ae36161dd1b6..9d704d961a45 100644
--- a/module/zfs/dsl_scan.c
+++ b/module/zfs/dsl_scan.c
@@ -628,6 +628,11 @@ dsl_scan_init(dsl_pool_t *dp, uint64_t txg)
 
 	memcpy(&scn->scn_phys_cached, &scn->scn_phys, sizeof (scn->scn_phys));
 
+	/* Restore scan method from persisted flags */
+	if (scn->scn_phys.scn_flags & DSF_SORTED_SCAN) {
+		scn->scn_is_sorted = B_TRUE;
+	}
+
 	/* reload the queue into the in-core state */
 	if (scn->scn_phys.scn_queue_obj != 0) {
 		zap_cursor_t zc;
@@ -1132,6 +1137,7 @@ dsl_scan_done(dsl_scan_t *scn, boolean_t complete, dmu_tx_t *tx)
 	if (scn->scn_is_sorted) {
 		scan_io_queues_destroy(scn);
 		scn->scn_is_sorted = B_FALSE;
+		scn->scn_phys.scn_flags &= ~DSF_SORTED_SCAN;
 
 		if (scn->scn_taskq != NULL) {
 			taskq_destroy(scn->scn_taskq);
@@ -4499,6 +4505,7 @@ dsl_scan_sync(dsl_pool_t *dp, dmu_tx_t *tx)
 	 */
 	if (!zfs_scan_legacy) {
 		scn->scn_is_sorted = B_TRUE;
+		scn->scn_phys.scn_flags |= DSF_SORTED_SCAN;
 		if (scn->scn_last_checkpoint == 0)
 			scn->scn_last_checkpoint = ddi_get_lbolt();
 	}
diff --git a/module/zfs/vdev_raidz.c b/module/zfs/vdev_raidz.c
index 520ddd692bda..5b4d5744a8cf 100644
--- a/module/zfs/vdev_raidz.c
+++ b/module/zfs/vdev_raidz.c
@@ -5148,6 +5148,7 @@ vdev_raidz_attach_sync(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
 	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_end_time = 0;
 	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_state = DSS_SCANNING;
 	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_bytes_copied = 0;
+	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_bytes_to_copy = raidvd->vdev_stat.vs_alloc;
 
 	uint64_t state = vdrz->vn_vre.vre_state;
 	VERIFY0(zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset,
@@ -5159,6 +5160,11 @@ vdev_raidz_attach_sync(void *arg, dmu_tx_t *tx)
 	    raidvd->vdev_top_zap, VDEV_TOP_ZAP_RAIDZ_EXPAND_START_TIME,
 	    sizeof (start_time), 1, &start_time, tx));
 
+	uint64_t bytes_to_copy = vdrz->vn_vre.vre_bytes_to_copy;
+	VERIFY0(zap_update(spa->spa_meta_objset,
+	    raidvd->vdev_top_zap, VDEV_TOP_ZAP_RAIDZ_EXPAND_BYTES_TO_COPY,
+	    sizeof (bytes_to_copy), 1, &bytes_to_copy, tx));
+
 	(void) zap_remove(spa->spa_meta_objset,
 	    raidvd->vdev_top_zap, VDEV_TOP_ZAP_RAIDZ_EXPAND_END_TIME, tx);
 	(void) zap_remove(spa->spa_meta_objset,
@@ -5180,6 +5186,7 @@ vdev_raidz_load(vdev_t *vd)
 	uint64_t start_time = 0;
 	uint64_t end_time = 0;
 	uint64_t bytes_copied = 0;
+	uint64_t bytes_to_copy = 0;
 
 	if (vd->vdev_top_zap != 0) {
 		err = zap_lookup(vd->vdev_spa->spa_meta_objset,
@@ -5205,6 +5212,12 @@ vdev_raidz_load(vdev_t *vd)
 		    sizeof (bytes_copied), 1, &bytes_copied);
 		if (err != 0 && err != ENOENT)
 			return (err);
+
+		err = zap_lookup(vd->vdev_spa->spa_meta_objset,
+		    vd->vdev_top_zap, VDEV_TOP_ZAP_RAIDZ_EXPAND_BYTES_TO_COPY,
+		    sizeof (bytes_to_copy), 1, &bytes_to_copy);
+		if (err != 0 && err != ENOENT)
+			return (err);
 	}
 
 	/*
@@ -5216,6 +5229,7 @@ vdev_raidz_load(vdev_t *vd)
 	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_start_time = start_time;
 	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_end_time = end_time;
 	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_bytes_copied = bytes_copied;
+	vdrz->vn_vre.vre_bytes_to_copy = bytes_to_copy;
 
 	return (0);
 }
@@ -5250,7 +5264,14 @@ spa_raidz_expand_get_stats(spa_t *spa, pool_raidz_expand_stat_t *pres)
 	pres->pres_expanding_vdev = vre->vre_vdev_id;
 
 	vdev_t *vd = vdev_lookup_top(spa, vre->vre_vdev_id);
-	pres->pres_to_reflow = vd->vdev_stat.vs_alloc;
+	/*
+	 * Use the persisted bytes_to_copy value if available (captured at
+	 * expansion start) to prevent progress from exceeding 100% when new
+	 * data is written during expansion. Fall back to current vs_alloc
+	 * for backward compatibility with older pools.
+	 */
+	pres->pres_to_reflow = vre->vre_bytes_to_copy != 0 ?
+	    vre->vre_bytes_to_copy : vd->vdev_stat.vs_alloc;
 
 	mutex_enter(&vre->vre_lock);
 	pres->pres_reflowed = vre->vre_bytes_copied;