diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 849b13a..c477b56 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -22,6 +22,12 @@ add_library(escape STATIC
     src/detail/signals.cpp
 )
 
+# UTF Support
+find_package(ICU REQUIRED COMPONENTS dt uc i18n)
+if(ICU_FOUND)
+    target_link_libraries(escape ICU::dt ICU::uc ICU::i18n)
+endif()
+
 target_include_directories(escape
     PUBLIC
         ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
@@ -39,20 +45,6 @@ target_compile_options(escape
         -Wpedantic
 )
 
-option(LTO "Turn Link Time Optimization ON/OFF" ON)
-
-# Link-Time Optimization
-include(CheckIPOSupported)
-check_ipo_supported(RESULT has_lto OUTPUT error)
-if(has_lto AND LTO)
-    set(CMAKE_INTERPROCEDURAL_OPTIMIZATION TRUE)
-    message("LTO Enabled Globally")
-elseif(NOT has_lto)
-    message(WARNING "LTO is not supported: ${error}")
-else()
-    message("LTO Not Enabled")
-endif()
-
 # TermCaps Executable
 add_executable(termcaps EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
     tools/termcaps.cpp
diff --git a/include/esc/detail/u32_to_mb.hpp b/include/esc/detail/u32_to_mb.hpp
index 768a0aa..48fb81a 100644
--- a/include/esc/detail/u32_to_mb.hpp
+++ b/include/esc/detail/u32_to_mb.hpp
@@ -1,15 +1,13 @@
-#ifndef ESC_DETAIL_U32_TO_MB_HPP
-#define ESC_DETAIL_U32_TO_MB_HPP
-#include <array>
-#include <cstddef>
-#include <utility>
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
 
 namespace esc::detail {
 
-/// Convert the given char32_t into a multi-byte array of chars.
-/** Depends on the currently set clocale to transform the char32_t. */
-[[nodiscard]] auto u32_to_mb(char32_t c)
-    -> std::pair<std::size_t, std::array<char, 4>>;
+/// Convert the given char32_t into a multi-byte reprensentation as a string.
+/// @param c The char32_t to convert.
+/// @return The multi-byte representation of the given char32_t.
+/// @throws std::runtime_error if the conversion fails.
+[[nodiscard]] auto u32_to_mb(char32_t c) -> std::string;
 
-}  // namespace esc::detail
-#endif  // ESC_DETAIL_U32_TO_MB_HPP
+}  // namespace esc::detail
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/include/esc/glyph.hpp b/include/esc/glyph.hpp
index 66797b0..2416e1b 100644
--- a/include/esc/glyph.hpp
+++ b/include/esc/glyph.hpp
@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <concepts>
+#include <cstdint>
 #include <ranges>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <vector>
+
+#include <unicode/ucnv.h>
+#include <unicode/unistr.h>
 
 #include <esc/brush.hpp>
 #include <esc/color.hpp>
@@ -21,72 +26,53 @@ struct Glyph {
     [[nodiscard]] constexpr bool operator!=(Glyph const&) const = default;
 };
 
-// CONCEPTS --------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ------------------------------ CONCEPTS -------------------------------------
 
-/**
- * @brief True if T is a Character type.
- */
+/// True if T is a Character type.
 template <typename T>
 concept Character = std::same_as<T, char> || std::same_as<T, signed char> ||
                     std::same_as<T, unsigned char> ||
                     std::same_as<T, wchar_t> || std::same_as<T, char8_t> ||
                     std::same_as<T, char16_t> || std::same_as<T, char32_t>;
 
-/**
- * @brief True if T is a valid Attribute type.
- */
+/// True if T is a valid Attribute type.
 template <typename T>
 concept Attribute =
     std::same_as<T, esc::ColorBG> || std::same_as<T, esc::ColorFG> ||
     std::same_as<T, Trait> || std::same_as<T, esc::RemoveTrait>;
 
-/**
- * @brief True if T is a Forward iterable range of Glyphs.
- */
+/// True if T is a Forward iterable range of Glyphs.
 template <typename T>
 concept GlyphString = std::ranges::forward_range<T> &&
                       std::same_as<std::ranges::range_value_t<T>, Glyph>;
 
-// ----------------------------- PIPE OPS --------------------------------------
-// COLORBG ---------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-// Note: For char literal based pipe ops, `using namespace ox` must be in scope.
-// ADL issues prevent the pipe ops from being found otherwise.
+// ------------------------------ PIPE OPS -------------------------------------
+// ------------------------------ COLORBG --------------------------------------
 
-/**
- * @brief Creates a Glyph with the given symbol and background Color.
- *
- * @param symbol The symbol to display.
- * @param c The ColorBG to apply to the return Glyph's brush.
- * @return A Glyph with the given symbol and Color background.
- */
+/// Creates a Glyph with the given symbol and background Color.
+/// @param symbol The symbol to display.
+/// @param c The ColorBG to apply to the return Glyph's brush.
+/// @return A Glyph with the given symbol and Color background.
 [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto operator|(Character auto symbol, esc::ColorBG c)
     -> Glyph
 {
     return {static_cast<char32_t>(symbol), {.background = c.value}};
 }
 
-/**
- * @brief Copy the Glyph and modify its background Color.
- *
- * @param g The Glyph to work from.
- * @param c The ColorBG to apply to the return Glyph's brush.
- * @return The passed in Glyph with the given Color background.
- */
+/// Copy the Glyph and modify its background Color.
+/// @param g The Glyph to work from.
+/// @param c The ColorBG to apply to the return Glyph's brush.
+/// @return The passed in Glyph with the given Color background.
 [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto operator|(Glyph g, esc::ColorBG c) -> Glyph
 {
     g.brush.background = c.value;
     return g;
 }
 
-/**
- * @brief Modify the Glyphs in the GlyphString to have the given background
- * Color.
- *
- * @param gs The GlyphString to work from.
- * @param c The ColorBG to apply to each Glyph's brush.
- * @return The passed in GlyphString with the given Color background.
- */
+/// Modify the Glyphs in the GlyphString to have the given background Color.
+/// @param gs The GlyphString to work from.
+/// @param c The ColorBG to apply to each Glyph's brush.
+/// @return The passed in GlyphString with the given Color background.
 template <GlyphString T>
 constexpr auto operator|(T&& gs, esc::ColorBG c) -> decltype(auto)
 {
@@ -96,7 +82,7 @@ constexpr auto operator|(T&& gs, esc::ColorBG c) -> decltype(auto)
     return std::forward<T>(gs);
 }
 
-// COLORFG ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ------------------------------ COLORFG --------------------------------------
 
 /**
  * @brief Creates a Glyph with the given symbol and foreground Color.
@@ -141,7 +127,7 @@ constexpr auto operator|(T&& gs, esc::ColorFG c) -> decltype(auto)
     return std::forward<T>(gs);
 }
 
-// TRAIT -----------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ------------------------------- TRAIT ---------------------------------------
 
 /**
  * @brief Creates a Glyph with the given symbol and Trait.
@@ -181,7 +167,7 @@ constexpr auto operator|(T&& gs, Trait t) -> decltype(auto)
     return std::forward<T>(gs);
 }
 
-// REMOVE TRAIT ----------------------------------------------------------------
+// ---------------------------- REMOVE TRAIT -----------------------------------
 
 /**
  * @brief Removes a Trait from a Glyph's brush.
@@ -214,7 +200,7 @@ constexpr auto operator|(T&& gs, esc::RemoveTrait t) -> decltype(auto)
     return std::forward<T>(gs);
 }
 
-// STRINGS ---------------------------------------------------------------------
+// ------------------------------- STRINGS -------------------------------------
 
 /**
  * @brief Creates a std::vector<Glyph> from the given u32string_view and
@@ -228,7 +214,10 @@ template <Attribute T>
 [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto operator|(std::u32string_view sv, T attr)
     -> std::vector<Glyph>
 {
-    auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{std::begin(sv), std::end(sv)};
+    auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{
+        std::begin(sv),
+        std::end(sv),
+    };
     return glyphs | attr;
 }
 
@@ -244,23 +233,21 @@ template <Attribute T>
 [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto operator|(std::u16string_view sv, T attr)
     -> std::vector<Glyph>
 {
-    return {};
-    // TODO from here
-    // implement this then uncomment line in test file. repeat.
-    // TODO review after library is installed
-    // auto uStr = icu::UnicodeString{icu::StringPiece{sv.data(), sv.size()}};
-
-    // auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{};
-    // glyphs.reserve(uStr.length());
-
-    // for (int32_t i = 0; i < uStr.length(); ++i) {
-    //     glyphs.push_back(uStr.char32At(i));
-    // }
-
-    // return glyphs | attr;
-    // TODO - use ICU to convert to char32_t chars into the vector
-    // auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{std::begin(sv), std::end(sv)};
-    // return glyphs | attr;
+    auto const u_str = icu::UnicodeString{
+        sv.data(),
+        (std::int32_t)sv.size(),
+    };
+
+    auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{};
+    glyphs.reserve(u_str.length());
+
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < u_str.length(); ++i) {
+        glyphs.push_back({
+            .symbol = static_cast<char32_t>(u_str.char32At(i)),
+        });
+    }
+
+    return glyphs | attr;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -276,10 +263,21 @@ template <Attribute T>
 [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto operator|(std::u8string_view sv, T attr)
     -> std::vector<Glyph>
 {
-    return {};
-    // TODO - use ICU to convert to char32_t chars into the vector
-    // auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{std::begin(sv), std::end(sv)};
-    // return glyphs | attr;
+    auto const u_str = icu::UnicodeString::fromUTF8(icu::StringPiece{
+        sv.data(),
+        (std::int32_t)sv.size(),
+    });
+
+    auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{};
+    glyphs.reserve(u_str.length());
+
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < u_str.length(); ++i) {
+        glyphs.push_back({
+            .symbol = static_cast<char32_t>(u_str.char32At(i)),
+        });
+    }
+
+    return glyphs | attr;
 }
 
 /**
@@ -295,10 +293,21 @@ template <Attribute T>
 [[nodiscard]] constexpr auto operator|(std::string_view sv, T attr)
     -> std::vector<Glyph>
 {
-    return {};
-    // TODO - use ICU to convert to char32_t chars into the vector
-    // auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{std::begin(sv), std::end(sv)};
-    // return glyphs | attr;
+    auto const u_str = icu::UnicodeString::fromUTF8(icu::StringPiece{
+        sv.data(),
+        (std::int32_t)sv.size(),
+    });
+
+    auto glyphs = std::vector<Glyph>{};
+    glyphs.reserve(u_str.length());
+
+    for (int32_t i = 0; i < u_str.length(); ++i) {
+        glyphs.push_back({
+            .symbol = static_cast<char32_t>(u_str.char32At(i)),
+        });
+    }
+
+    return glyphs | attr;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esc
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/detail/u32_to_mb.cpp b/src/detail/u32_to_mb.cpp
index 647831a..3ea2845 100644
--- a/src/detail/u32_to_mb.cpp
+++ b/src/detail/u32_to_mb.cpp
@@ -1,34 +1,25 @@
 #include <esc/detail/u32_to_mb.hpp>
 
-#include <array>
-#include <cstddef>
 #include <stdexcept>
-#include <utility>
+#include <string>
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-#    include <cwchar>
-#else
-#    include <cuchar>
-#endif
+#include <unicode/ucnv.h>
+#include <unicode/unistr.h>
+#include <unicode/utypes.h>
 
 namespace esc::detail {
 
-auto u32_to_mb(char32_t c) -> std::pair<std::size_t, std::array<char, 4>>
+auto u32_to_mb(char32_t c) -> std::string
 {
-    auto result = std::array<char, 4>{};
-    auto state  = std::mbstate_t{};
+    auto status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
+    auto u_str  = icu::UnicodeString(static_cast<UChar32>(c));
+    auto result = std::string{};
+    u_str.toUTF8String(result);
 
-#ifdef __APPLE__
-    static_assert(sizeof(wchar_t) == sizeof(char32_t));
-    static_assert(alignof(wchar_t) == alignof(char32_t));
-    auto const count =
-        std::wcrtomb(result.data(), static_cast<wchar_t>(c), &state);
-#else
-    auto const count = std::c32rtomb(result.data(), c, &state);
-#endif
-    if (count == std::size_t(-1))
-        throw std::runtime_error{"u32_to_mb(char32_t): Error in Conversion."};
-    return {count, result};
+    if (U_FAILURE(status)) {
+        throw std::runtime_error{"Unicode conversion failed"};
+    }
+    return result;
 }
 
 }  // namespace esc::detail
diff --git a/src/io.cpp b/src/io.cpp
index d004258..d608e52 100644
--- a/src/io.cpp
+++ b/src/io.cpp
@@ -830,9 +830,10 @@ void write(char c) { std::putchar(c); }
 
 void write(char32_t c) noexcept(false)
 {
-    auto const [count, chars] = esc::detail::u32_to_mb(c);
-    for (auto i = std::size_t{0}; i < count; ++i)
-        write(chars[i]);
+    write(esc::detail::u32_to_mb(c));
+    // auto const [count, chars] = esc::detail::u32_to_mb(c);
+    // for (auto i = std::size_t{0}; i < count; ++i)
+    //     write(chars[i]);
 }
 
 void write(std::string_view sv)
diff --git a/tests/glyph.test.cpp b/tests/glyph.test.cpp
index bac9de3..4de8e77 100644
--- a/tests/glyph.test.cpp
+++ b/tests/glyph.test.cpp
@@ -377,19 +377,15 @@ TEST_CASE("Operator|(StringType ...)", "[GlyphString]")
 
     SECTION("std::u32string") { test_string_pipe_ops(std::u32string{U"abc"}); }
 
-    // SECTION("char16_t const*") { test_string_pipe_ops(u"abc"); }
+    SECTION("char16_t const*") { test_string_pipe_ops(u"abc"); }
 
-    // SECTION("std::u16string") { test_string_pipe_ops(std::u16string{u"abc"});
-    // }
+    SECTION("std::u16string") { test_string_pipe_ops(std::u16string{u"abc"}); }
 
-    // SECTION("char8_t const*") { test_string_pipe_ops(u8"abc"); }
+    SECTION("char8_t const*") { test_string_pipe_ops(u8"abc"); }
 
-    // SECTION("std::u8string") { test_string_pipe_ops(std::u8string{u8"abc"});
-    // }
+    SECTION("std::u8string") { test_string_pipe_ops(std::u8string{u8"abc"}); }
 
-    // SECTION("wchar_t const*") { test_string_pipe_ops(L"abc"); }
+    SECTION("char const*") { test_string_pipe_ops("abc"); }
 
-    // SECTION("char const*") { test_string_pipe_ops("abc"); }
-
-    // SECTION("std::string") { test_string_pipe_ops(std::string{"abc"}); }
+    SECTION("std::string") { test_string_pipe_ops(std::string{"abc"}); }
 }