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<h3 id="1、CentOS-7镜像下载"><a href="#1、CentOS-7镜像下载" class="headerlink" title="1、CentOS 7镜像下载"></a>1、CentOS 7镜像下载</h3><p>阿里云站点：<a href="http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/isos/x86_64/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">http://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/7/isos/x86_64/</a><br>各个版本的ISO镜像文件说明：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220093618493.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="站点截图"></p>
<ul>
<li>CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1708.iso 标准安装版（推荐）</li>
<li>CentOS-7-x86_64-Everything-1708.iso 完整版，集成所有软件</li>
<li>CentOS-7-x86_64-Minimal-1708.iso 精简版，自带的软件最少</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="2、centos7安装教程"><a href="#2、centos7安装教程" class="headerlink" title="2、centos7安装教程"></a>2、centos7安装教程</h3><p><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42570879/article/details/82853708" target="_blank" rel="noopener">使用VMware安装centos教程</a></p>
<h3 id="3、xshell连接centos"><a href="#3、xshell连接centos" class="headerlink" title="3、xshell连接centos"></a>3、xshell连接centos</h3><p><strong>查看IP：</strong><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/technology-huangyan/p/9146699.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考链接</a><br><strong>发现 ens33 没有 inet 这个属性的</strong><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220094439252.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="终端截图"></p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220094545828.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt><br><strong>把这一项改为YES（ONBOOT=yes）</strong><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220094636963.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt><br><strong>使用xshell连接：</strong><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220094831687.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt></p>
<h3 id="4-、JDK安装教程"><a href="#4-、JDK安装教程" class="headerlink" title="4 、JDK安装教程"></a>4 、JDK安装教程</h3><p><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/github_38336924/article/details/82221258" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考文章</a></p>
<h5 id="一、检查是否已安装JDK及卸载"><a href="#一、检查是否已安装JDK及卸载" class="headerlink" title="一、检查是否已安装JDK及卸载"></a>一、检查是否已安装JDK及卸载</h5><figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell"><span class="hljs-meta">#</span> （以下命令二选一）<br>yum list installed | grep [java][jdk]<br>rpm -qa | grep [java][jdk][gcj]<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220095752351.png" alt><br>执行命令出现如上图所示，需要卸载，反之即不用</p>
<ul>
<li>卸载JAVA环境<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">yum -y remove java-1.8.0-openjdk* //表时卸载所有openjdk相关文件输入<br>yum -y remove tzdata-java.noarch //卸载tzdata-java<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<h5 id="二、安装JDK"><a href="#二、安装JDK" class="headerlink" title="二、安装JDK"></a>二、安装JDK</h5><ul>
<li><p>查看JDK软件包列表</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">yum search java | grep -i --color jdk<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><p>选择版本安装</p>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>或者如下命令，安装jdk1.8.0的所有文件</li>
</ul>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">yum install -y java-1.8.0-openjdk*<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>查看JDK是否安装成功</li>
</ul>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">java -version<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h5 id="三、配置环境变量"><a href="#三、配置环境变量" class="headerlink" title="三、配置环境变量"></a>三、配置环境变量</h5><ul>
<li>JDK默认安装路径/usr/lib/jvm<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220100155757.png" alt></li>
<li>使用vi /etc/profile命令添加如下配置<figure class="hljs highlight crystal"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined"><span class="hljs-comment"># set java environment </span><br>JAVA_HOME=<span class="hljs-regexp">/usr/lib</span><span class="hljs-regexp">/jvm/java</span>-<span class="hljs-number">1.8</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0</span>-openjdk-<span class="hljs-number">1.8</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0.181</span>-<span class="hljs-number">3</span>.b13.el7_5.x86_64<br>PATH=$<span class="hljs-symbol">PATH:</span>$JAVA_HOME/bin <br>CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/<span class="hljs-class"><span class="hljs-keyword">lib</span>/<span class="hljs-title">dt</span>.<span class="hljs-title">jar</span>:$<span class="hljs-title">JAVA_HOME</span>/<span class="hljs-title">lib</span>/<span class="hljs-title">tools</span>.<span class="hljs-title">jar</span> </span><br>export JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH PATH<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p>保存关闭profile文件，执行如下命令生效</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">source /etc/profile<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>使用如下命令，查看JDK变量</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined"><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$JAVA_HOME</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$PATH</span><br><span class="hljs-built_in">echo</span> <span class="hljs-variable">$CLASSPATH</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220100344353.png" alt></p>
<h3 id="5、SpringBoot-项目在linux后台守护进程运行"><a href="#5、SpringBoot-项目在linux后台守护进程运行" class="headerlink" title="5、SpringBoot 项目在linux后台守护进程运行"></a>5、SpringBoot 项目在linux后台守护进程运行</h3><p><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_42714869/article/details/88550501" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考链接</a></p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">nohup java -jar /usr/actuator-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar --server.port=8080 >logName.log 2>&1 &<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>命令详解：</strong></p>
<ul>
<li><p>nohup：不挂断地运行命令，退出帐户之后继续运行相应的进程。</p>
</li>
<li><p>logName.log ：是nohup把command的输出重定向到当前目录的指定的“日志文件名.log”文件中，即输出内容不打印到屏幕上，而是输出到”日志文件名.log”文件中。不指定文件名会在当前目录创建nohup.out，如果当前目录的 nohup.out 文件不可写，输出重定向到 $HOME/nohup.out 文件中。如果没有文件能创建或打开以用于追加，那么 Command 参数指定的命令不可调用。</p>
</li>
<li><p>2>&1：2就是标准错误，1是标准输出，该命令相当于把标准错误重定向到标准输出么。这里&相当于标准错误等效于标准输出，即把标准错误和标准输出同时输出到指定的“日志文件名.log”文件中。</p>
</li>
<li><p>java -jar springbootProjectName.jar：执行springboot的项目，如果单单只执行该命令，linux只会短暂的运行该项目，当退出控制台后会自动关闭该项目。</p>
</li>
<li><p>最后的&：让该项目在后台运行。</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p><strong>注意：</strong> bash: nohup: command not found解决方法：<br><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/leisure_life/article/details/80533492" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考链接</a></p>
<ul>
<li>查看本地是否有<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">which nohup<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220104642199.png" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>到当前用户的根目录（我的是root）</li>
</ul>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">cd ~<br>vi .bash_profile<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在原来后边加上:/usr/bin，保存，退出<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220104832839.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt></p>
<ul>
<li>使文件立刻生效</li>
</ul>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">source ~/.bash_profile<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>查看是否成功<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">nohup --version<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220105011963.png" alt><br>如果第一步就没有发现nohup，先安装，再配置</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">yum install coreutils<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="6、外部访问项目"><a href="#6、外部访问项目" class="headerlink" title="6、外部访问项目"></a>6、外部访问项目</h3><figure class="hljs highlight vala"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined"><span class="hljs-meta"># 虚拟机内部链接测试（确保项目运行正常）：</span><br>curl http:<span class="hljs-comment">//localhost:8080/hello</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191220110927898.png" alt></p>
<h4 id="外部访问必须关闭防火墙或者开放相应的端口"><a href="#外部访问必须关闭防火墙或者开放相应的端口" class="headerlink" title="外部访问必须关闭防火墙或者开放相应的端口"></a>外部访问必须关闭防火墙或者开放相应的端口</h4><ul>
<li><p><a href="https://jingyan.baidu.com/article/ff42efa9fd8c1cc19e2202bb.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">关闭防火墙</a></p>
</li>
<li><p><a href="https://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2019-06/159104.htm" target="_blank" rel="noopener">开放端口（开放端口需要重启防火墙）</a></p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">开启端口<br>[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=80/tcp --permanent<br><br>查询端口号80 是否开启：<br>[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --query-port=80/tcp<br><br>重启防火墙：<br>[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload<br><br>查询有哪些端口是开启的:<br>[root@centos7 ~]# firewall-cmd --list-port<br><br>命令含义：<br>--zone #作用域<br>--add-port=80/tcp #添加端口80，格式为：端口/通讯协议<br>--permanent #永久生效，没有此参数重启后失效<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ul>
<figure class="hljs highlight lsl"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined"><span class="hljs-number">1.</span>启动防火墙<br>systemctl start firewalld <br><span class="hljs-number">2.</span>禁用防火墙<br>systemctl stop firewalld<br><span class="hljs-number">3.</span>设置开机启动<br>systemctl enable firewalld<br><span class="hljs-number">4.</span>停止并禁用开机启动<br>sytemctl disable firewalld<br><span class="hljs-number">5.</span>重启防火墙<br>firewall-cmd --reload<br><span class="hljs-number">6.</span>查看状态<br>systemctl status firewalld或者 firewall-cmd --<span class="hljs-section">state</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>端口被占用解决方法：<figure class="hljs highlight vala"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined"><span class="hljs-meta"># 查看正在使用的端口</span><br>netstat -tanlp<br><span class="hljs-meta"># 杀死进程</span><br>kill pid<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure></li>
</ul>
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<h2 id="1、简介"><a href="#1、简介" class="headerlink" title="1、简介"></a>1、简介</h2><p><strong>Docker</strong>是一个开源的应用容器引擎；是一个轻量级容器技术；</p>
<p>Docker支持将软件编译成一个镜像；然后在镜像中各种软件做好配置，将镜像发布出去，其他使用者可以直接使用这个镜像；</p>
<p>运行中的这个镜像称为容器，容器启动是非常快速的。<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019120709145317.png" alt="docker"><br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191207091505219.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="windows镜像系统"></p>
<h2 id="2、核心概念"><a href="#2、核心概念" class="headerlink" title="2、核心概念"></a>2、核心概念</h2><p>docker主机(Host)：安装了Docker程序的机器（Docker直接安装在操作系统之上）；</p>
<p>docker客户端(Client)：连接docker主机进行操作；</p>
<p>docker仓库(Registry)：用来保存各种打包好的软件镜像；</p>
<p>docker镜像(Images)：软件打包好的镜像；放在docker仓库中；</p>
<p>docker容器(Container)：镜像启动后的实例称为一个容器；容器是独立运行的一个或一组应用<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/2019120709154056.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="核心概念"></p>
<p>使用Docker的步骤：</p>
<p>1）、安装Docker</p>
<p>2）、去Docker仓库找到这个软件对应的镜像；</p>
<p>3）、使用Docker运行这个镜像，这个镜像就会生成一个Docker容器；</p>
<p>4）、对容器的启动停止就是对软件的启动停止；</p>
<h2 id="3、安装Docker"><a href="#3、安装Docker" class="headerlink" title="3、安装Docker"></a>3、安装Docker</h2><h4 id="1）、安装linux虚拟机（或者使用阿里云服务器）"><a href="#1）、安装linux虚拟机（或者使用阿里云服务器）" class="headerlink" title="1）、安装linux虚拟机（或者使用阿里云服务器）"></a>1）、安装linux虚拟机（或者使用阿里云服务器）</h4><pre><code>1）、VMWare、VirtualBox（安装）；
2）、导入虚拟机文件；
3）、双击启动linux虚拟机;使用 root/ 123456登陆
4）、使用客户端连接linux服务器进行命令操作；
5）、设置虚拟机网络；
桥接网络===选好网卡====接入网线；
6）、设置好网络以后使用命令重启虚拟机的网络</code></pre><figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">service network restart<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>7）、查看linux的ip地址</code></pre><figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">ip addr<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<pre><code>8）、使用客户端连接linux；</code></pre><h4 id="2）、在linux虚拟机上安装docker"><a href="#2）、在linux虚拟机上安装docker" class="headerlink" title="2）、在linux虚拟机上安装docker"></a>2）、在linux虚拟机上安装docker</h4><p>一、<strong>配置阿里云yum源（提高docker软件下载速度）：</strong> <a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/operationhome/p/11094493.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考连接</a><br>1、备份</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/<br>CentOS 7</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>或者</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>3、生成新的缓存</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">yum clean all<br>yum makecache<br>yum update<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>二、安装docker步骤：</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">1、检查内核版本，必须是3.10及以上<br>uname -r<br><br>2、使用 root 权限登录 Centos。确保 yum 包更新到最新。<br>yum update<br><br>3、卸载旧版本(如果安装过旧版本的话)<br><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> yum remove docker docker-common docker-selinux docker-engine</span><br><br>4、安装需要的软件包， yum-util 提供yum-config-manager功能，另外两个是devicemapper驱动依赖的<br><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2</span><br><br>5、设置yum源<br><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> sudo yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo</span><br><br>6、可以查看所有仓库中所有docker版本，并选择特定版本安装<br><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r</span><br><br>7、安装docker<br><span class="hljs-meta">$</span><span class="bash"> yum install docker-ce-17.12.0.ce <span class="hljs-comment">#由于repo中默认只开启stable仓库，这里安装的是稳定版17.12.0</span></span><br><br>8、启动docker<br>[root@localhost ~] systemctl start docker<br>[root@localhost ~] docker -v<br>Docker version 1.12.6, build 3e8e77d/1.12.6<br><br>9、开机启动docker<br>[root@localhost ~] systemctl enable docker<br>Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.<br><br>10、停止docker<br>systemctl stop docker<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4、Docker常用命令-amp-操作"><a href="#4、Docker常用命令-amp-操作" class="headerlink" title="4、Docker常用命令&操作"></a>4、Docker常用命令&操作</h2><h3 id="1）、镜像操作"><a href="#1）、镜像操作" class="headerlink" title="1）、镜像操作"></a>1）、镜像操作</h3><table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th>操作</th>
<th>命令</th>
<th>说明</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td>检索</td>
<td>docker search 关键字 eg：docker search redis</td>
<td>我们经常去docker hub上检索镜像的详细信息，如镜像的TAG。</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>拉取</td>
<td>docker pull 镜像名:tag</td>
<td>:tag是可选的，tag表示标签，多为软件的版本，默认是latest</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>列表</td>
<td>docker images</td>
<td>查看所有本地镜像</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>删除</td>
<td>docker rmi image-id</td>
<td>删除指定的本地镜像</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p><strong>镜像查找：</strong> <a href="https://hub.docker.com/（包含具体镜像的操作命令）" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://hub.docker.com/（包含具体镜像的操作命令）</a><br><strong>docker改国内官方镜像(提升镜像pull速度):</strong><br>编辑文件/etc/docker/daemon.json，没有就新建。加入以下项目</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight json"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs json">{<br> <span class="hljs-attr">"registry-mirrors"</span>: [<span class="hljs-string">"https://registry.docker-cn.com"</span>,<span class="hljs-string">"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com"</span>]<br>}<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>本身daemon.json文件已经有项目，就额外增加registry-mirrors项</p>
<p>重启docker daemon</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">systemctl restart docker<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="2）、容器操作"><a href="#2）、容器操作" class="headerlink" title="2）、容器操作"></a>2）、容器操作</h3><p>软件镜像（QQ安装程序）—-运行镜像—-产生一个容器（正在运行的软件，运行的QQ）；</p>
<p>步骤：</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">1、搜索镜像<br>[root@localhost ~] docker search tomcat<br>2、拉取镜像<br>[root@localhost ~] docker pull tomcat<br>3、根据镜像启动容器<br>docker run --name mytomcat -d tomcat:latest<br>4、docker ps <br>查看运行中的容器<br>5、 停止运行中的容器<br>docker stop 容器的id<br>6、查看所有的容器（包括没有运行的）<br>docker ps -a<br>7、启动容器<br>docker start 容器id<br>8、删除一个容器<br> docker rm 容器id<br>9、启动一个做了端口映射的tomcat<br>[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -p 8888:8080 tomcat<br>-d：后台运行<br>-p: 将主机的端口映射到容器的一个端口 主机端口:容器内部的端口<br><br>10、为了演示简单关闭了linux的防火墙<br>service firewalld status ；查看防火墙状态<br>service firewalld stop：关闭防火墙<br>11、查看容器的日志<br>docker logs container-name/container-id<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>更多命令参看</strong><br><a href="https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://docs.docker.com/engine/reference/commandline/docker/</a><br>可以参考每一个镜像的文档</p>
<h3 id="3）、安装MySQL示例"><a href="#3）、安装MySQL示例" class="headerlink" title="3）、安装MySQL示例"></a>3）、安装MySQL示例</h3><figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">docker pull mysql:5.7<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>正确的启动：做了端口映射</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mysql02 -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql<br>ad10e4bc5c6a0f61cbad43898de71d366117d120e39db651844c0e73863b9434<br>[root@localhost ~]# docker ps<br>CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<br>ad10e4bc5c6a mysql "docker-entrypoint.sh" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:3306->3306/tcp mysql02<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>几个其他的高级操作</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined">docker <span class="hljs-builtin-name">run</span> --name mysql03 -v /conf/mysql:/etc/mysql/conf.d -e <span class="hljs-attribute">MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD</span>=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag<br>把主机的/conf/mysql文件夹挂载到 mysqldocker容器的/etc/mysql/conf.d文件夹里面<br>改mysql的配置文件就只需要把mysql配置文件放在自定义的文件夹下（/conf/mysql）<br><br>docker <span class="hljs-builtin-name">run</span> --name some-mysql -e <span class="hljs-attribute">MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD</span>=my-secret-pw -d mysql:tag <span class="hljs-attribute">--character-set-server</span>=utf8mb4 <span class="hljs-attribute">--collation-server</span>=utf8mb4_unicode_ci<br>指定mysql的一些配置参数<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>docker安装mysql后外部无法访问，解决办法：</strong></p>
<ol>
<li>记得开启阿里云相应的端口号</li>
<li>修改权限<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">使用bash窗口<br>docker exec -it mysqlDB bash<br><br>登陆mysql<br>mysql -uroot -p123456;<br><br>修改权限<br><span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash"> use mysql;</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash"> update user <span class="hljs-built_in">set</span> authentication_string = password(<span class="hljs-string">'123456'</span>) <span class="hljs-built_in">where</span> user = <span class="hljs-string">'root'</span>;</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash"> grant all privileges on *.* to <span class="hljs-string">'root'</span>@<span class="hljs-string">'%'</span> identified by <span class="hljs-string">'123456'</span> with grant option;</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash"> flush privileges;</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">></span><span class="bash"> <span class="hljs-built_in">exit</span>;</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
</ol>
<h3 id="4）、安装redis"><a href="#4）、安装redis" class="headerlink" title="4）、安装redis"></a>4）、安装redis</h3><figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">docker pull redis:5.0.7<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>正确的启动：做了端口映射</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~] docker run -d -p 6381:6379 --name myredis redis:5.0.7 --requirepass "123456"<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> --requirepass <span class="hljs-string">"123456"</span> 设置密码</span><br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> -p 6381:6379：映射容器服务的 6379 端口到宿主机的 681 端口。外部可以直接通过宿主机ip:6381 访问到 Redis 的服务</span><br>[root@localhost ~] docker ps<br>CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<br>dff3d4e7ef6b redis:5.0.7 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 16 minutes ago Up 16 minutes 0.0.0.0:6381->6379/tcp myredis<br>[root@localhost ~] docker exec -it myredis bash <br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash">docker <span class="hljs-built_in">exec</span> -it xxx bash 这个命令是表示进入容器的，xxx是服务名称也可以是容器的id</span><br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>几个其他的高级操作</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight vim"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined"># docker run -<span class="hljs-keyword">p</span> <span class="hljs-number">6382</span>:<span class="hljs-number">6379</span> --name myredis -v $PWD/redis.<span class="hljs-keyword">conf</span>:/etc/redis/redis.<span class="hljs-keyword">conf</span> -v $PWD/dat<span class="hljs-variable">a:</span>/data -d <span class="hljs-keyword">redi</span><span class="hljs-variable">s:5</span>.<span class="hljs-number">0.7</span> redis-server /etc/redis/redis.<span class="hljs-keyword">conf</span> --appendonly yes<br> 命令说明：<br> --name myredis : 指定容器名称，这个最好加上，不然在看docker进程的时候会很尴尬。<br> -<span class="hljs-keyword">p</span> <span class="hljs-number">6699</span>:<span class="hljs-number">6379</span> ： 端口映射，默认redis启动的是<span class="hljs-number">6379</span>，至于外部端口，随便玩吧，不冲突就行。<br> -v $PWD/redis.<span class="hljs-keyword">conf</span>:/etc/redis/redis.<span class="hljs-keyword">conf</span> ： 将主机中当前目录下的redis.<span class="hljs-keyword">conf</span>配置文件映射。<br> -v $PWD/dat<span class="hljs-variable">a:</span>/data -d <span class="hljs-keyword">redi</span><span class="hljs-variable">s:3</span>.<span class="hljs-number">2</span> ： 将主机中当前目录下的data挂载到容器的/data<br> --redis-server --appendonly yes :在容器执行redis-server启动命令，并打开redis持久化配置\<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>docker安装redis后外部无法访问，解决办法：</strong> 记得开启阿里云相应的端口号.</p>
<h3 id="5）、安装Elasticsearch"><a href="#5）、安装Elasticsearch" class="headerlink" title="5）、安装Elasticsearch"></a>5）、安装Elasticsearch</h3><p><a href="https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32101993/article/details/100021002" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考文章：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_32101993/article/details/100021002</a><br>拉取镜像：</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">docker pull elasticsearch:tag(6.8.5)<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>启动：</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~] docker run -d -e ES_JAVA_OPTS="-Xms256m -Xmx256m" -p 9200:9200 -p 9300:9300 --name ES01 elasticsearch:版本号(如果是latest则不写) <br>[root@localhost ~] docker ps<br><span class="hljs-meta">#</span><span class="bash"> 查看是否成功</span><br>CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<br>c3f23945d1ed elasticsearch:6.8.5 "/usr/local/bin/dock…" 6 minutes ago Up 53 seconds 0.0.0.0:9200->9200/tcp, 0.0.0.0:9300->9300/tcp ES01<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>此时已经可以正常外部访问网址：域名:端口号</strong></p>
<p>配置跨域：</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">1.首先进入容器<br>docker exec -it ES01 /bin/bash<br>2.安装vim<br>yum -y install vim*<br>3.编辑/config/elasticsearch.ym<br>vim elasticsearch.yml <br>4.添加内容<br>cluster.name: "qfcwx-cluster" <br>network.host: 0.0.0.0<br>http.cors.enabled: true<br>http.cors.allow-origin: "*"<br>5.exit<br>6.重启<br>docker restart ES01(容器id或者name)<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ol>
<li>cluster.name：自定义集群名称。</li>
<li>network.host：当前es节点绑定的ip地址，默认127.0.0.1，如果需要开放对外访问这个属性必须设置。</li>
<li>http.cors.enabled：是否支持跨域，默认为false。</li>
<li>http.cors.allow-origin：当设置允许跨域，默认为*，表示支持所有域名，如果我们只是允许某些网站能访问，那么可以使用正则表达式。</li>
</ol>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/201912071557173.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="elasticsearch.yml"><br>访问截图：</p>
<p><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191207155655168.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="访问截图"></p>
<h3 id="5）、安装rabbitMQ"><a href="#5）、安装rabbitMQ" class="headerlink" title="5）、安装rabbitMQ"></a>5）、安装rabbitMQ</h3><p><a href="https://www.cnblogs.com/yufeng218/p/9452621.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">参考文章：https://www.cnblogs.com/yufeng218/p/9452621.html</a><br>拉取镜像：选择带有<strong>mangement</strong>的版本（<strong>包含web管理页面</strong>）</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">docker pull rabbitmq:management<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>启动：</p>
<figure class="hljs highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs shell">[root@localhost ~] docker run -d --name rabbitmq -p 5672:5672 -p 15672:15672 -v `pwd`/data:/var/lib/rabbitmq --hostname myRabbit -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST=my_vhost -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=admin -e RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=admin 6bd1749b8197<br>[root@izlnxqoeytyh4fz ~]# docker ps<br>CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES<br>c6575d289410 6bd1749b8197 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 6 seconds ago Up 4 seconds 4369/tcp, 5671/tcp, 15671/tcp, 25672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15672->15672/tcp, 0.0.0.0:15673->5672/tcp rabbitmq<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<ul>
<li>-v 映射目录或文件；</li>
<li>–hostname 主机名（RabbitMQ的一个重要注意事项是它根据所谓的 “节点名称” 存储数据，默认为主机名）；</li>
<li>-e 指定环境变量；（RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_VHOST：默认虚拟机名；RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER：默认的用户名；RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS：默认用户名的密码）</li>
</ul>
<figure class="hljs highlight applescript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><code class="hljs undefined"><span class="hljs-comment"># 进入控制台</span><br>docker exec -<span class="hljs-keyword">it</span> rabbitmq /bin/bash<br></code></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p><strong>此时已经可以正常外部访问网址：域名:端口号</strong></p>
<p>访问截图：<br><img src="https://img-blog.csdnimg.cn/20191218105031534.png?x-oss-process=image/watermark,type_ZmFuZ3poZW5naGVpdGk,shadow_10,text_aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLmNzZG4ubmV0L3dlaXhpbl80MjM0MjcwMg==,size_16,color_FFFFFF,t_70" alt="访问截图"></p>
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<h3 id="何谓悲观锁与乐观锁"><a href="#何谓悲观锁与乐观锁" class="headerlink" title="何谓悲观锁与乐观锁"></a>何谓悲观锁与乐观锁</h3><p>乐观锁对应于生活中乐观的人总是想着事情往好的方向发展，悲观锁对应于生活中悲观的人总是想着事情往坏的方向发展。这两种人各有优缺点，不能不以场景而定说一种人好于另外一种人。</p>
<h3 id="悲观锁"><a href="#悲观锁" class="headerlink" title="悲观锁"></a>悲观锁</h3><p>总是假设最坏的情况，每次去拿数据的时候都认为别人会修改，所以每次在拿数据的时候都会上锁，这样别人想拿这个数据就会阻塞直到它拿到锁（共享资源每次只给一个线程使用，其它线程阻塞，用完后再把资源转让给其它线程）。传统的关系型数据库里边就用到了很多这种锁机制，比如行锁，表锁等，读锁，写锁等，都是在做操作之前先上锁。Java中synchronized和ReentrantLock等独占锁就是悲观锁思想的实现。</p>
<h3 id="乐观锁"><a href="#乐观锁" class="headerlink" title="乐观锁"></a>乐观锁</h3><p>总是假设最好的情况，每次去拿数据的时候都认为别人不会修改，所以不会上锁，但是在更新的时候会判断一下在此期间别人有没有去更新这个数据，可以使用版本号机制和CAS算法实现。乐观锁适用于多读的应用类型，这样可以提高吞吐量，像数据库提供的类似于write_condition机制，其实都是提供的乐观锁。在Java中java.util.concurrent.atomic包下面的原子变量类就是使用了乐观锁的一种实现方式CAS实现的。</p>
<h4 id="两种锁的使用场景"><a href="#两种锁的使用场景" class="headerlink" title="两种锁的使用场景"></a>两种锁的使用场景</h4><p>从上面对两种锁的介绍，我们知道两种锁各有优缺点，不可认为一种好于另一种，像乐观锁适用于写比较少的情况下（多读场景），即冲突真的很少发生的时候，这样可以省去了锁的开销，加大了系统的整个吞吐量。但如果是多写的情况，一般会经常产生冲突，这就会导致上层应用会不断的进行retry，这样反倒是降低了性能，所以一般多写的场景下用悲观锁就比较合适。</p>
<h4 id="乐观锁常见的两种实现方式"><a href="#乐观锁常见的两种实现方式" class="headerlink" title="乐观锁常见的两种实现方式"></a>乐观锁常见的两种实现方式</h4><p>乐观锁一般会使用版本号机制或CAS算法实现。</p>
<ol>
<li>版本号机制<br>一般是在数据表中加上一个数据版本号version字段，表示数据被修改的次数，当数据被修改时，version值会加一。当线程A要更新数据值时，在读取数据的同时也会读取version值，在提交更新时，若刚才读取到的version值为当前数据库中的version值相等时才更新，否则重试更新操作，直到更新成功。</li>
</ol>
<p>举一个简单的例子：<br>假设数据库中帐户信息表中有一个 version 字段，当前值为 1 ；而当前帐户余额字段（ balance ）为 $100 。</p>
<p>操作员 A 此时将其读出（ version=1 ），并从其帐户余额中扣除 $50（ $100-$50 ）。<br>在操作员 A 操作的过程中，操作员B 也读入此用户信息（ version=1 ），并从其帐户余额中扣除 $20 （ $100-$20 ）。<br>操作员 A 完成了修改工作，将数据版本号加一（ version=2 ），连同帐户扣除后余额（ balance=$50 ），提交至数据库更新，此时由于提交数据版本大于数据库记录当前版本，数据被更新，数据库记录 version 更新为 2 。<br>操作员 B 完成了操作，也将版本号加一（ version=2 ）试图向数据库提交数据（ balance=$80 ），但此时比对数据库记录版本时发现，操作员 B 提交的数据版本号为 2 ，数据库记录当前版本也为 2 ，不满足 “ 当前最后更新的version与操作员第一次的版本号相等 “ 的乐观锁策略，因此，操作员 B 的提交被驳回。<br>这样，就避免了操作员 B 用基于 version=1 的旧数据修改的结果覆盖操作员A 的操作结果的可能。</p>
<ol start="2">
<li>CAS算法<br>即compare and swap（比较与交换），是一种有名的无锁算法。无锁编程，即不使用锁的情况下实现多线程之间的变量同步，也就是在没有线程被阻塞的情况下实现变量的同步，所以也叫非阻塞同步（Non-blocking Synchronization）。CAS算法涉及到三个操作数</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>需要读写的内存值 V</li>
<li>进行比较的值 A</li>
<li>拟写入的新值 B<blockquote>
<p>当且仅当 V 的值等于 A时，CAS通过原子方式用新值B来更新V的值，否则不会执行任何操作（比较和替换是一个原子操作）。一般情况下是一个自旋操作，即不断的重试。</p>
</blockquote>
</li>
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