diff --git a/alembic.ini b/alembic.ini
index 90fdbe2d..eced32b8 100644
--- a/alembic.ini
+++ b/alembic.ini
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 [alembic]
-script_location = alembic
+script_location = zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations
 sqlalchemy.url = sqlite:///zsim/data/zsim.db
 
 [loggers]
diff --git a/alembic/env.py b/alembic/env.py
deleted file mode 100644
index 40bdf971..00000000
--- a/alembic/env.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,75 +0,0 @@
-"""Alembic环境配置"""
-
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import sys
-from logging.config import fileConfig
-from pathlib import Path
-
-from sqlalchemy import engine_from_config, pool
-
-from alembic import context
-
-PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[1]
-if str(PROJECT_ROOT) not in sys.path:
-    sys.path.insert(0, str(PROJECT_ROOT))
-
-config = context.config
-if config.config_file_name is not None:
-    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
-
-
-def _load_metadata():
-    """加载SQLAlchemy元数据"""
-
-    import zsim.api_src.services.database.apl_db  # noqa: F401
-    import zsim.api_src.services.database.character_db  # noqa: F401
-    import zsim.api_src.services.database.enemy_db  # noqa: F401
-    import zsim.api_src.services.database.session_db  # noqa: F401
-    from zsim.api_src.services.database.orm import Base
-
-    return Base.metadata
-
-
-def _get_database_url() -> str:
-    """获取同步数据库URL"""
-
-    from zsim.api_src.services.database.orm import get_sync_database_url
-
-    return get_sync_database_url()
-
-
-target_metadata = _load_metadata()
-config.set_main_option("sqlalchemy.url", _get_database_url())
-
-
-def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
-    """Offline模式运行迁移"""
-
-    url = config.get_main_option("sqlalchemy.url")
-    context.configure(url=url, target_metadata=target_metadata, literal_binds=True)
-
-    with context.begin_transaction():
-        context.run_migrations()
-
-
-def run_migrations_online() -> None:
-    """Online模式运行迁移"""
-
-    connectable = engine_from_config(
-        config.get_section(config.config_ini_section) or {},
-        prefix="sqlalchemy.",
-        poolclass=pool.NullPool,
-    )
-
-    with connectable.connect() as connection:
-        context.configure(connection=connection, target_metadata=target_metadata)
-
-        with context.begin_transaction():
-            context.run_migrations()
-
-
-if context.is_offline_mode():
-    run_migrations_offline()
-else:
-    run_migrations_online()
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index a56a6a7c..dd2a6de6 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ exclude = [
     "knowledge_base*",
 ]
 
+[tool.setuptools.package-data]
+"zsim" = ["api_src/services/database/migrations/**"]
+
 [tool.pyinstaller]
 # ZSim API 配置
 spec_file = "zsim_api.spec"
diff --git a/zsim/api.py b/zsim/api.py
index 65775209..831d2c6c 100644
--- a/zsim/api.py
+++ b/zsim/api.py
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 from fastapi.middleware.cors import CORSMiddleware
 
 from zsim.define import __version__
+from zsim.api_src.services.database.migrate import run_migrations_to_head
 
 dotenv.load_dotenv()
 
@@ -37,6 +38,13 @@
     app.include_router(api_router, prefix="/api", tags=["ZSim API"])
 
 
+@app.on_event("startup")
+def apply_database_migrations() -> None:
+    """在应用启动时自动执行数据库迁移。"""
+
+    run_migrations_to_head()
+
+
 @app.get("/health")
 async def health_check():
     """
diff --git a/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrate.py b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrate.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..a039c359
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrate.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Utilities for programmatically running Alembic migrations."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+
+from alembic import command
+from alembic.config import Config
+from importlib.resources import as_file, files
+
+from zsim.api_src.services.database.orm import get_sync_database_url, get_sync_engine
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def _alembic_cfg() -> Config:
+    """构造指向包内迁移脚本的Alembic配置。"""
+
+    script_location = files("zsim.api_src.services.database.migrations")
+    with as_file(script_location) as script_dir:
+        cfg = Config()
+        cfg.set_main_option("script_location", str(script_dir))
+        cfg.set_main_option("sqlalchemy.url", get_sync_database_url())
+        yield cfg
+
+
+def run_migrations_to_head() -> None:
+    """确保数据库结构升级到最新版本。"""
+
+    # 初始化同步引擎以确保数据库文件和目录已创建
+    get_sync_engine()
+    with _alembic_cfg() as cfg:
+        command.upgrade(cfg, "head")
+
+
+__all__ = ["run_migrations_to_head"]
diff --git a/alembic/versions/.gitkeep b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/__init__.py
similarity index 100%
rename from alembic/versions/.gitkeep
rename to zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/__init__.py
diff --git a/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/env.py b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/env.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b01ffc81
--- /dev/null
+++ b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/env.py
@@ -0,0 +1,70 @@
+"""Alembic环境配置"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import sys
+from logging.config import fileConfig
+from pathlib import Path
+
+from alembic import context
+
+PROJECT_ROOT = Path(__file__).resolve().parents[5]
+if str(PROJECT_ROOT) not in sys.path:
+    sys.path.insert(0, str(PROJECT_ROOT))
+
+from zsim.api_src.services.database import (  # noqa: E402  # isort:skip
+    apl_db,
+    character_db,
+    enemy_db,
+    session_db,
+)
+from zsim.api_src.services.database.orm import (  # noqa: E402  # isort:skip
+    Base,
+    get_sync_database_url,
+    get_sync_engine,
+)
+
+config = context.config
+if config.config_file_name is not None:
+    fileConfig(config.config_file_name)
+
+target_metadata = Base.metadata
+_ = (apl_db, character_db, enemy_db, session_db)
+
+
+def run_migrations_offline() -> None:
+    """Offline模式运行迁移"""
+
+    url = get_sync_database_url()
+    context.configure(
+        url=url,
+        target_metadata=target_metadata,
+        literal_binds=True,
+        render_as_batch=True,
+        dialect_opts={"paramstyle": "named"},
+    )
+
+    with context.begin_transaction():
+        context.run_migrations()
+
+
+def run_migrations_online() -> None:
+    """Online模式运行迁移"""
+
+    connectable = get_sync_engine()
+
+    with connectable.connect() as connection:
+        context.configure(
+            connection=connection,
+            target_metadata=target_metadata,
+            render_as_batch=True,
+        )
+
+        with context.begin_transaction():
+            context.run_migrations()
+
+
+if context.is_offline_mode():
+    run_migrations_offline()
+else:
+    run_migrations_online()
diff --git a/alembic/script.py.mako b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/script.py.mako
similarity index 100%
rename from alembic/script.py.mako
rename to zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/script.py.mako
diff --git a/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/versions/.gitkeep b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/versions/.gitkeep
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/alembic/versions/74ee1818bd42_init_schema.py b/zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/versions/74ee1818bd42_init_schema.py
similarity index 100%
rename from alembic/versions/74ee1818bd42_init_schema.py
rename to zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations/versions/74ee1818bd42_init_schema.py
diff --git a/zsim/api_src/services/database/orm.py b/zsim/api_src/services/database/orm.py
index c958500f..ade96c2d 100644
--- a/zsim/api_src/services/database/orm.py
+++ b/zsim/api_src/services/database/orm.py
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 from pathlib import Path
 
+from sqlalchemy import Engine, create_engine
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import (
     AsyncEngine,
     AsyncSession,
@@ -55,6 +56,7 @@ def get_sync_database_url() -> str:
 
 _async_engine: AsyncEngine = create_async_engine(get_async_database_url(), future=True)
 _async_session_factory = async_sessionmaker(_async_engine, expire_on_commit=False)
+_sync_engine: Engine | None = None
 
 
 def get_async_engine() -> AsyncEngine:
@@ -67,6 +69,15 @@ def get_async_engine() -> AsyncEngine:
     return _async_engine
 
 
+def get_sync_engine() -> Engine:
+    """返回复用的同步SQLAlchemy引擎实例。"""
+
+    global _sync_engine
+    if _sync_engine is None:
+        _sync_engine = create_engine(get_sync_database_url(), future=True)
+    return _sync_engine
+
+
 @asynccontextmanager
 async def get_async_session() -> AsyncIterator[AsyncSession]:
     """获取一个SQLAlchemy异步会话。
@@ -94,4 +105,5 @@ async def get_async_session() -> AsyncIterator[AsyncSession]:
     "get_async_session",
     "get_async_database_url",
     "get_sync_database_url",
+    "get_sync_engine",
 ]
diff --git a/zsim_api.spec b/zsim_api.spec
index 2f2e35d8..74c10a11 100644
--- a/zsim_api.spec
+++ b/zsim_api.spec
@@ -49,6 +49,15 @@ if config_json.exists():
     datas.append((str(config_json), "zsim/config.json"))
     print(f"Added configuration file: {config_json} -> zsim/config.json")
 
+# Add packaged Alembic migrations so upgrades work after bundling
+migrations_dir = project_root / "zsim" / "api_src" / "services" / "database" / "migrations"
+if migrations_dir.exists():
+    datas.append((str(migrations_dir), "zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations"))
+    print(
+        "Added Alembic migrations directory: "
+        f"{migrations_dir} -> zsim/api_src/services/database/migrations"
+    )
+
 # Add buff configuration file
 buff_config_json = project_root / "zsim" / "sim_progress" / "Buff" / "buff_config.json"
 if buff_config_json.exists():