1919The Universal Commerce Protocol (UCP) is an open standard designed to facilitate
2020communication and interoperability between diverse commerce entities. In a
2121fragmented landscape where consumer surfaces/platforms, businesses, payment
22- providers, and identity providers operate on different systems, UCP provides
23- a standardized common language and functional primitives.
22+ providers, and identity providers operate on different systems, UCP provides a
23+ standardized common language and functional primitives.
2424
25- This document provides the detailed technical specification for UCP.
26- For a complete definition of all data models and schemas, see the
25+ This document provides the detailed technical specification for UCP. For a
26+ complete definition of all data models and schemas, see the
2727[ Schema Reference] ( ../specification/reference.md ) .
2828
2929Its primary goal is to enable:
3030
31- * ** Consumer Surfaces/Platforms:** To discover business capabilities and
32- facilitate purchases.
33- * ** Businesses:** To expose their inventory and retail logic in a standard
34- way without building custom integrations for every platform.
35- * ** Payment & Credential Providers:** To securely exchange tokens and
36- credentials to facilitate transactions.
31+ - ** Consumer Surfaces/Platforms:** To discover business capabilities and
32+ facilitate purchases.
33+ - ** Businesses:** To expose their inventory and retail logic in a standard way
34+ without building custom integrations for every platform.
35+ - ** Payment & Credential Providers:** To securely exchange tokens and
36+ credentials to facilitate transactions.
3737
3838## High level architecture
3939
@@ -46,15 +46,15 @@ Its primary goal is to enable:
4646
4747## Key Goals of UCP
4848
49- * ** Interoperability:** Bridge the gap between consumer surfaces, businesses,
50- and payment ecosystems.
51- * ** Discovery:** Allow consumer surfaces to dynamically discover what
52- businesses support (e.g., "Do they support guest checkout?", "Do they have
53- loyalty programs?").
54- * ** Security:** Facilitate secure, standards-based (OAuth 2.0, PCI-DSS
55- compliant patterns) exchanges of sensitive user and payment data.
56- * ** Agentic Commerce:** Enable AI agents to act on behalf of users to complete
57- complex tasks like "Find a headset under $100 and buy it."
49+ - ** Interoperability:** Bridge the gap between consumer surfaces, businesses,
50+ and payment ecosystems.
51+ - ** Discovery:** Allow consumer surfaces to dynamically discover what businesses
52+ support (e.g., "Do they support guest checkout?", "Do they have loyalty
53+ programs?").
54+ - ** Security:** Facilitate secure, standards-based (OAuth 2.0, PCI-DSS compliant
55+ patterns) exchanges of sensitive user and payment data.
56+ - ** Agentic Commerce:** Enable AI agents to act on behalf of users to complete
57+ complex tasks like "Find a headset under $100 and buy it."
5858
5959## Roles & Participants
6060
@@ -67,58 +67,55 @@ The platform is the consumer-facing surface (such as an AI agent, mobile app, or
6767social media site) acting on behalf of the User. It orchestrates the commerce
6868journey by discovering businesses and facilitating user intent.
6969
70- * ** Responsibilities:** Discovering businesses capabilities via profiles,
71- initiating checkout sessions, and presenting the UI or conversational
72- interface to the user.
73- * ** Examples:** AI Shopping Assistants, Super Apps, Search Engines.
70+ - ** Responsibilities:** Discovering businesses capabilities via profiles,
71+ initiating checkout sessions, and presenting the UI or conversational
72+ interface to the user.
73+ - ** Examples:** AI Shopping Assistants, Super Apps, Search Engines.
7474
7575### Business
7676
7777The entity selling goods or services. In the UCP model, businesses act as the
7878** Merchant of Record (MoR)** , retaining financial liability and ownership of the
7979order.
8080
81- * ** Responsibilities:** Exposing commerce capabilities (inventory, pricing,
82- tax calculation), fulfilling orders, and processing payments via their
83- chosen PSP.
84- * ** Examples:** Retailers, Airlines, Hotel Chains, Service Providers.
81+ - ** Responsibilities:** Exposing commerce capabilities (inventory, pricing, tax
82+ calculation), fulfilling orders, and processing payments via their chosen PSP.
83+ - ** Examples:** Retailers, Airlines, Hotel Chains, Service Providers.
8584
8685### Credential Provider (CP)
8786
8887A trusted entity responsible for securely managing and sharing sensitive user
8988data, particularly payment instruments and shipping addresses.
9089
91- * ** Responsibilities:** Authenticating the user, issuing payment tokens (to
92- keep raw card data off the platform), and holding PII securely to minimize
93- compliance scope for other parties.
94- * ** Examples:** Digital Wallets (e.g., Google Wallet, Apple Pay), Identity
95- Providers.
90+ - ** Responsibilities:** Authenticating the user, issuing payment tokens (to keep
91+ raw card data off the platform), and holding PII securely to minimize
92+ compliance scope for other parties.
93+ - ** Examples:** Digital Wallets (e.g., Google Wallet, Apple Pay), Identity
94+ Providers.
9695
9796### Payment Service Provider (PSP)
9897
9998The financial infrastructure provider that processes payments on behalf of
10099businesses.
101100
102- * ** Responsibilities:** Authorizing and capturing transactions, handling
103- settlements, and communicating with card networks. The PSP often interacts
104- directly with tokens provided by the Credential Provider.
105- * ** Examples:** Stripe, Adyen, PayPal, Braintree, Chase Paymentech.
101+ - ** Responsibilities:** Authorizing and capturing transactions, handling
102+ settlements, and communicating with card networks. The PSP often interacts
103+ directly with tokens provided by the Credential Provider.
104+ - ** Examples:** Stripe, Adyen, PayPal, Braintree, Chase Paymentech.
106105
107106## Core Concepts Summary
108107
109108UCP revolves around three fundamental constructs that define how entities
110109interact.
111110
112- * ** Capabilities:** Standalone core features that a business supports. These
113- are the "verbs" of the protocol.
114- * * Examples:* Checkout, Identity Linking, Order.
115- * ** Extensions:** Optional capabilities that augment another capability
116- via the ` extends ` field. Extensions appear in ` ucp.capabilities[] `
117- alongside core capabilities.
118- * * Examples:* Discounts (extends Checkout), AP2 Mandates (extends
119- Checkout).
120- * ** Services:** The lower-level communication layers used to exchange data.
121- UCP is transport-agnostic but defines specific bindings for
122- interoperability.
123- * * Examples:* REST API (primary), MCP (Model Context Protocol), A2A
124- (Agent2Agent).
111+ - ** Capabilities:** Standalone core features that a business supports. These are
112+ the "verbs" of the protocol.
113+ - _ Examples:_ Checkout, Identity Linking, Order.
114+ - ** Extensions:** Optional capabilities that augment another capability via the
115+ ` extends ` field. Extensions appear in ` ucp.capabilities[] ` alongside core
116+ capabilities.
117+ - _ Examples:_ Discounts (extends Checkout), AP2 Mandates (extends Checkout).
118+ - ** Services:** The lower-level communication layers used to exchange data. UCP
119+ is transport-agnostic but defines specific bindings for interoperability.
120+ - _ Examples:_ REST API (primary), MCP (Model Context Protocol), A2A
121+ (Agent2Agent).
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