Restore covr (#6540)

* Revert "Disable covr (#6122)"

This reverts commit 3130f11.

* pin R 4.3 with TODO

* Try a pinned covr version

* go further back

* Use cribbed updated covr action?

* Not crashing, but very slow; try pinned version again

* we don't have secrets set up

* Added a repo secret to data.table (I think)

Author: MichaelChirico

.github/workflows/test-coverage.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+# Workflow derived from https://github.com/r-lib/actions/tree/v2/examples
+# Need help debugging build failures? Start at https://github.com/r-lib/actions#where-to-find-help
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [master]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [master]
+
+name: test-coverage.yaml
+
+permissions: read-all
+
+jobs:
+  test-coverage:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    env:
+      GITHUB_PAT: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r@v2
+        with:
+          use-public-rspm: true
+          r-version: '4.3' # TODO(r-lib/covr#567): Go back to using r-devel
+
+      - uses: r-lib/actions/setup-r-dependencies@v2
+        with:
+          extra-packages: any::covr, any::xml2
+          needs: coverage
+
+      - name: Test coverage
+        run: |
+          cov <- covr::package_coverage(
+            quiet = FALSE,
+            clean = FALSE,
+            install_path = file.path(normalizePath(Sys.getenv("RUNNER_TEMP"), winslash = "/"), "package")
+          )
+          covr::to_cobertura(cov)
+        shell: Rscript {0}
+
+      - uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
+        with:
+          fail_ci_if_error: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' && true || false }}
+          file: ./cobertura.xml
+          plugin: noop
+          disable_search: true
+          token: ${{ secrets.CODECOV_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Upload test results
+        if: failure()
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: coverage-test-failures
+          path: ${{ runner.temp }}/package