Py-Functions.ipynb

{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello prubhtej\n",
      "wake up prubhtej\n",
      "study prubhtej\n",
      "0\n",
      "1\n",
      "2\n",
      "3\n",
      "4\n",
      "5\n",
      "6\n",
      "7\n",
      "8\n",
      "9\n",
      "10\n",
      "11\n",
      "12\n",
      "13\n",
      "14\n",
      "15\n",
      "16\n",
      "17\n",
      "18\n",
      "19\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def prubhtej():\n",
    "    print(\"hello prubhtej\")\n",
    "    print(\"wake up prubhtej\")\n",
    "    print(\"study prubhtej\")\n",
    "    for i in range(20):\n",
    "        print(i)\n",
    "prubhtej()    \n",
    "        "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Functions can take parameter"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def prubhtej(name):  ### there is no need to provide the data type like we provide in c/c++. we do the same with return statement .\n",
    "    print(\"hello {}\".format(name))\n",
    "    print(\"get up {}\".format(name))\n",
    "    print(\"study {}\".format(name))\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "hello singh saab\n",
      "get up singh saab\n",
      "study singh saab\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "prubhtej(\"singh saab\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "knock knock knock ps\n",
      "knock knock knock ps\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "def knock(name,no_of_times=50):\n",
    "    for i in range(no_of_times):\n",
    "        print(\"knock knock knock {}\".format(name))\n",
    "knock(\"ps\",2)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# return Statements\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def add(a,b):\n",
    "     return a+b\n",
    "     return a*b"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "5\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x = add(2,3)\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 50,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def div(a,b):\n",
    "    try:\n",
    "        return a/b# also if we provide return in the finally block this return statement will be ignored *****{VVV.Imp}\n",
    "    except:\n",
    "        print(\"error\")\n",
    "    finally:\n",
    "        print(\"wrapping up\")\n",
    "        return 100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 52,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "wrapping up\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "100"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 52,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "div(100,10)# It will not run this statement but it will ignore it and run: div(100,1)********{VVV.Imp}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Global and Local variables "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 87,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "x=20\n",
    "def show():\n",
    "    global x # to avoid the error we now tell the complier about the availalbility of global variable x in the function.\n",
    "    x+=300\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 88,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "320\n",
      "320\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "show()\n",
    "print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 93,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "10\n",
      "local\n",
      "10\n"
     ]
    },
    {
     "ename": "NameError",
     "evalue": "name 'y' is not defined",
     "output_type": "error",
     "traceback": [
      "\u001b[0;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
      "\u001b[0;32m<ipython-input-93-c1165cf62015>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      6\u001b[0m \u001b[0mshown\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m      7\u001b[0m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mx\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m----> 8\u001b[0;31m \u001b[0mprint\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0my\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m)\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0;34m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
      "\u001b[0;31mNameError\u001b[0m: name 'y' is not defined"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "x=10\n",
    "def shown():\n",
    "    y=\"local\"\n",
    "    print(x)\n",
    "    print(y)\n",
    "shown() \n",
    "print(x)\n",
    "print(y)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "##### there are no primitives in python all are objects i.e. even the functions are objects."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 2,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "### case of function enclosures .......\n",
    "\n",
    "def outer():\n",
    "    x=10\n",
    "    \n",
    "    def inner():\n",
    "        nonlocal x\n",
    "        x+=20\n",
    "        print(x)\n",
    "     \n",
    "    inner()\n",
    "    print(x)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 3,
   "metadata": {
    "scrolled": true
   },
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "30\n",
      "30\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "outer()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# Default ARGUMENTS\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def abc(a,b,c,d=20,e=50):## Here a,b,c:are the arguments for which we will take the value from the user  and d,e: are the arguments for which we have provided the default the value"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def show(a,b,c=20):# these parameters are called formal arguments.....\n",
    "    print(a+b+c)\n",
    "  "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "abc\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "show(\"a\",\"b\",\"c\")#these parameters are called actual parameters...."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "prubhtejsinghwadhwa\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "show(b=\"singh\",c=\"wadhwa\",a=\"prubhtej\")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def hello(*args):# This at no point is related to pointers ........ \n",
    " print(args)# this is the concept of positional arguments"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "('ps', 'is', 'a', 'good', 'boy', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "hello(\"ps\",\"is\",\"a\",\"good\",\"boy\",1,2,3,4,5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 64,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def PS(a,b,c,*args,d=10,e=20,**kwargs):\n",
    "    print(a)\n",
    "    print(args)\n",
    "    print(e)\n",
    "    print(kwargs)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 69,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "1\n",
      "('ps', 'gtbit', 60, 70, 70)\n",
      "1000\n",
      "{'name': 'prubhtej singh', 'cla': 'it-2'}\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "PS(1,2,3,\"ps\",\"gtbit\",60,70,70,e=1000,name=\"prubhtej singh\",cla=\"it-2\")#if i want to change the value of d or e i have to explicitly specify....."
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "# #Lambda functions {Syntactical Sugars}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 70,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def add():\n",
    "    return 10+20"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 72,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<function add at 0x10d744c20>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "add()\n",
    "add()\n",
    "add()\n",
    "#print(add)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 73,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "<function <lambda> at 0x10d744f80>\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "add=lambda a,b,c,d,e,:a+b+c+d+e\n",
    "print(add)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 74,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "15"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 74,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "add(1,2,3,4,5)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 79,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "a=[5,4,6,7,3,9,2,8,1]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 80,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "a.sort()\n",
    "print(a)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 82,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "b=[(\"prubhtej\",10),(\"ram\",2),(\"shyam\",9)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 84,
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "name": "stdout",
     "output_type": "stream",
     "text": [
      "[('ram', 2), ('shyam', 9), ('prubhtej', 10)]\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "b.sort(key=lambda x:x[1])\n",
    "print(b)"
   ]
  },
  {
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