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# Programming nRF91 Series DK firmware
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You can program the nRF91 Series DK firmware application and network core firmware over USB.
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Before you begin to update the firmware, download and extract the latest application and modem firmware from the from the [Nordic Semiconductor website](https://www.nordicsemi.com/), depending on the DK you are using:
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You can follow this procedure to update the firmware on nRF91 Series DKs using the latest application and modem firmware from the from the [Nordic Semiconductor website](https://www.nordicsemi.com/):
The downloaded ZIP archive contains the following firmware:
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* Application firmware
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The `img_app_bl` folder contains full firmware images for different applications.
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The guides in this section use the image for the [nRF Cloud multi-service](https://docs.nordicsemi.com/bundle/ncs-latest/page/nrf/samples/cellular/nrf_cloud_multi_service/README.html#nrf-cloud-multi-service) sample as an example.
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The nRF Cloud multi-service sample simulates sensor data and transmits it to Nordic Semiconductor's cloud solution, [nRF Cloud](https://nrfcloud.com/).
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The data is transmitted using either LTE-M or NB-IoT.
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The nRF Cloud multi-service sample first attempts to use LTE-M, then NB-IoT.
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Check with your SIM card provider for the mode they support at your location.
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=== "nRF9151 DK"
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* For the Onomondo SIM card, check the [Onomondo LTE-M coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/lte-m-networks/) and [Onomondo NB-IoT coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/nb-iot-networks/) to see if your country is supported.
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* For the Wireless Logic SIM card, check the [Wireless Logic LTE-M/NB-IoT network coverage](https://www.wirelesslogic.com/simclaim/nsctrial/) to see if your country is supported.
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=== "nRF9161 DK"
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For the Onomondo SIM card, check the [Onomondo LTE-M coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/lte-m-networks/) and [Onomondo NB-IoT coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/nb-iot-networks/) to see the network coverage for different countries.
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=== "nRF9160 DK"
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=== "nRF9151 DK"
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For the iBasis SIM card provided with the nRF9160 DK, see [iBasis IoT network coverage](https://ibasis.com/solutions/iot-connectivity/network-coverage/).
| `img_app_bl` | Contains full firmware images for different applications. The guides in this section use the image for the [nRF Cloud multi-service](https://docs.nordicsemi.com/bundle/ncs-latest/page/nrf/samples/cellular/nrf_cloud_multi_service/README.html#nrf-cloud-multi-service) sample as an example.<br/><br/>The nRF Cloud multi-service sample simulates sensor data and transmits it to Nordic Semiconductor's cloud solution, [nRF Cloud](https://nrfcloud.com/).<br/><br/>The data is transmitted using either LTE-M or NB-IoT. The nRF Cloud multi-service sample first attempts to use LTE-M, then NB-IoT. Check with your SIM card provider for the mode they support at your location.<br/><br/>- For the Onomondo SIM card, check the [Onomondo LTE-M coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/lte-m-networks/) and [Onomondo NB-IoT coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/nb-iot-networks/) to see if your country is supported.<br/>- For the Wireless Logic SIM card, check the [Wireless Logic LTE-M/NB-IoT network coverage](https://www.wirelesslogic.com/simclaim/nsctrial/) to see if your country is supported. |
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| `img_fota_dfu_bin`, `img_fota_dfu_hex` | Contain firmware images for Device Firmware Update (DFU). These images are not used in the procedure in this page. |
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| Modem firmware ZIP (`mfw_nrf91x1_...`) | The modem firmware is provided as a ZIP archive named `mfw_nrf91x1_` followed by the firmware version number. Do not unzip this file. |
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| `CONTENTS.txt` | Lists the location and names of the different firmware images included in the extracted folder. |
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* Application firmware for Device Firmware Update (DFU)
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=== "nRF9161 DK"
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The images in the `img_fota_dfu_bin` and `img_fota_dfu_hex` folders contain firmware images for DFU.
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These images are not used in the guides in this section.
| `img_app_bl` | Contains full firmware images for different applications. The guides in this section use the image for the [nRF Cloud multi-service](https://docs.nordicsemi.com/bundle/ncs-latest/page/nrf/samples/cellular/nrf_cloud_multi_service/README.html#nrf-cloud-multi-service) sample as an example.<br/><br/>The nRF Cloud multi-service sample simulates sensor data and transmits it to Nordic Semiconductor's cloud solution, [nRF Cloud](https://nrfcloud.com/).<br/><br/>The data is transmitted using either LTE-M or NB-IoT. The nRF Cloud multi-service sample first attempts to use LTE-M, then NB-IoT. Check with your SIM card provider for the mode they support at your location.<br/><br/>For the Onomondo SIM card, check the [Onomondo LTE-M coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/lte-m-networks/) and [Onomondo NB-IoT coverage](https://onomondo.com/product/coverage/nb-iot-networks/) to see the network coverage for different countries. |
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| `img_fota_dfu_bin`, `img_fota_dfu_hex` | Contain firmware images for Device Firmware Update (DFU). These images are not used in the procedure in this page. |
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| Modem firmware ZIP (`mfw_nrf91x1_...`) | The modem firmware is provided as a ZIP archive named `mfw_nrf91x1_` followed by the firmware version number. Do not unzip this file. |
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| `CONTENTS.txt` | Lists the location and names of the different firmware images included in the extracted folder. |
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* Modem firmware
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=== "nRF9160 DK"
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The modem firmware is in a ZIP archive instead of a folder.
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The archive is named `mfw_nrf9160_` or `mfw_nrf91x1_`, followed by the firmware version number.
| `img_app_bl` | Contains full firmware images for different applications. The guides in this section use the image for the [nRF Cloud multi-service](https://docs.nordicsemi.com/bundle/ncs-latest/page/nrf/samples/cellular/nrf_cloud_multi_service/README.html#nrf-cloud-multi-service) sample as an example.<br/><br/>The nRF Cloud multi-service sample simulates sensor data and transmits it to Nordic Semiconductor's cloud solution, [nRF Cloud](https://nrfcloud.com/). The data is transmitted using either LTE-M or NB-IoT.<br/><br/>The nRF Cloud multi-service sample first attempts to use LTE-M, then NB-IoT. Check with your SIM card provider for the mode they support at your location.<br/><br/>For the iBasis SIM card provided with the nRF9160 DK, see [iBasis IoT network coverage](https://ibasis.com/solutions/iot-connectivity/network-coverage/). |
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| `img_fota_dfu_bin`, `img_fota_dfu_hex` | Contain firmware images for Device Firmware Update (DFU). These images are not used in the procedure in this page. |
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| Modem firmware ZIP (`mfw_nrf9160_...`) | The modem firmware is provided as a ZIP archive named `mfw_nrf9160_` followed by the firmware version number. Do not unzip this file. |
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| `CONTENTS.txt` | Lists the location and names of the different firmware images included in the extracted folder. |
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The `CONTENTS.txt` file in the extracted folder contains the location and names of the different firmware images.
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You will also need the following USB cables:
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To program the nRF91 Series DK, you will also need the following USB cables:
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* nRF91x1 DK - USB-C cable
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* nRF9160 DK - micro-USB cable
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## nRF91x1 DK
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!!! tip "Tip"
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=== "Updating the modem firmware"
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If you experience any problems during the process, press `Ctrl+R` (`command+R` on macOS) to restart the Programmer app and try again.
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To update the modem firmware, complete the following steps.
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## nRF91x1 DK
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!!! tip "Tip"
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=== "Updating the nRF91x1 DK modem firmware"
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If you experience any problems during the process, press `Ctrl+R` (`command+R` on macOS) to restart the Programmer app and try again.
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To update the modem firmware on the nRF91x1 DK, complete the following steps:
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1. Open the {{app_name}}.
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1. Connect the DK to the computer with a USB cable, and then turn the DK on.
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If you experience problems updating the modem firmware, click **Erase all** in the **DEVICE** section of the side panel and try updating again.
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=== "Updating the application firmware"
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To update the application firmware using the Programmer app, complete the following steps.
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!!! tip "Tip"
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=== "Updating the nRF91x1 DK application firmware"
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If you experience any problems during the process, press `Ctrl+R` (`command+R` on macOS) to restart the Programmer app and try again.
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To update the nRF91x1 DK application firmware, complete the following steps:
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1. Open the {{app_name}}.
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1. Connect the DK to the computer with a USB cable, and then turn the DK on.
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## nRF9160 DK
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=== "Updating the modem firmware"
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=== "Updating the nRF9160 DK modem firmware"
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To update the modem firmware, complete the following steps.
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!!! tip "Tip"
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If you experience any problems during the process, press `Ctrl+R` (`command+R` on macOS) to restart the Programmer app and try again.
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To update the nRF9160 DK modem firmware, complete the following steps:
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1. Open the {{app_name}}.
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1. Make sure the **PROG/DEBUG SW10** switch on the nRF9160 DK is set to **nRF91**.
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If you experience problems updating the modem firmware, click **Erase all** in the **DEVICE** section of the side panel and try updating again.
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=== "Updating the application firmware"
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To update the application firmware using the Programmer app, complete the following steps.
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!!! tip "Tip"
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=== "Updating the nRF9160 DK application firmware"
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If you experience any problems during the process, press `Ctrl+R` (`command+R` on macOS) to restart the Programmer app and try again.
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To update the nRF9160 DK application firmware, complete the following steps:
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1. Open the {{app_name}}.
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1. Make sure the **PROG/DEBUG SW10** switch (**SW5** on DK v0.9.0 and earlier) on the nRF9160 DK is set to **nRF91** or **nRF52** as appropriate for the application or sample you are programming.<br/>
|October 2025 |- Added the [Programming nRF91 Series DK firmware](programming_91dk.md) page|
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|November 2025 | Added the [Programming nRF91 Series DK firmware](programming_91dk.md) page.|
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| August 2025 | - Updated the [supported hardware section](index.md#supported-hardware) with entries for nRF54LM20 and Nordic Thingy:91 X<br/>- Added the [Programming Nordic Thingy prototyping platforms](programming_thingy.md) page<br/>- Added the [General programming procedure](programming_dk.md) page<br/>- Added back the [Programming the nRF52840 Dongle](programming_nrf52840_dongle.md) page<br/>- Created the Programming devices section to include all the separate pages |
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| January 2025 | - Updated the [supported hardware section](index.md#supported-hardware) with entries for nRF54L15, nRF54H20, and nRF9151<br/>- Added the Programming Nordic Thingy:53 section on the [Programming devices](programming_dk.md) page<br/>- Added the [Application source code](./index.md#application-source-code) section on the [Home](./index.md) page |
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