Data_Preprocessing_using_Python_for_SQL_Server_.ipynb

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    "colab": {
      "name": "Data Preprocessing using Python for SQL Server .ipynb",
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      "include_colab_link": true
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  "cells": [
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "view-in-github",
        "colab_type": "text"
      },
      "source": [
        "<a href=\"https://colab.research.google.com/github/JosephBless/ML922/blob/main/Data_Preprocessing_using_Python_for_SQL_Server_.ipynb\" target=\"_parent\"><img src=\"https://colab.research.google.com/assets/colab-badge.svg\" alt=\"Open In Colab\"/></a>"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "ICApMeqYfGxm"
      },
      "source": [
        "### Conncet SQL Server Management Studio"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "C0IR5encfGxo"
      },
      "source": [
        "import pyodbc\n",
        "conn = pyodbc.connect('Driver={SQL Server};'\n",
        "                      'Server=DESKTOP-CRBEE2U\\MLMI;'\n",
        "                      'Database=MLMI;'\n",
        "                      'Trusted_Connection=yes;')\n",
        "\n",
        "cursor = conn.cursor()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "KzifrRZefGxv"
      },
      "source": [
        "# **Data Preprocessing**\n",
        "\n",
        "**Data Preprocessing** is a vital step in the machine learning pipeline. Just as visualization is necessary to understand the relationships in data, proper preparation or **data munging** is required to ensure machine learning models work optimally.\n",
        "\n",
        "The process of data preparation is highly interactive and iterative. A typical process includes at least the following steps:\n",
        "1. **Visualization** of the dataset to understand the relationships and identify possible problems with the data.\n",
        "2. **Data cleaning and transformation** to address the problems identified. It many cases, step 1 is then repeated to verify that the cleaning and transformation had the desired effect.\n",
        "3. **Construction and evaluation of a machine learning models**. Visualization of the results will often lead to understanding of further data preparation that is required; going back to step 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "In this lab we will learn the following:\n",
        " + Recode character strings to eliminate characters that will not be processed correctly.\n",
        " + Find and treat missing values.\n",
        " + Set correct data type of each column.\n",
        " + Transform categorical features to create categories with more cases and coding likely to be useful in predicting the label.\n",
        " + Apply transformations to numeric features and the label to improve the distribution properties.\n",
        " + Locate and treat duplicate cases.\n",
        "\n",
        "We will work on Housing Price datasets for this lab."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "zH_r_lIwfGxw"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Getting started**\n",
        "\n",
        "At first, we are performing below activites:\n",
        "\n",
        " 1. Importing libraries\n",
        " 2. Importing data\n",
        " 3. Glimpse of data"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "7aFkCZZZfGxx"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Suppress all warnings\n",
        "import warnings\n",
        "warnings.filterwarnings(\"ignore\")"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "8tJHX43afGx2"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Importing the libraries\n",
        "import os\n",
        "import numpy as np\n",
        "import matplotlib\n",
        "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
        "import pandas as pd\n",
        "import seaborn as sns\n",
        "%matplotlib inline\n",
        "\n",
        "pd.set_option('display.max_rows', 100)\n",
        "pd.set_option('display.max_columns', 100)\n",
        "pd.set_option('display.float_format', lambda x: '%.2f' % x)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "foPTisUEfGx6"
      },
      "source": [
        "### Reading table data from SSMS Server"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "djjEmkIXfGx7"
      },
      "source": [
        "SQL_Query = pd.read_sql_query('''select * FROM MLMI.dbo.House_train''', conn)\n",
        "data = pd.DataFrame(SQL_Query)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "9HryHdMzfGyA",
        "outputId": "76ae7bc0-70b8-418c-ef3a-de4855d7ea8d"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Top 5 rows\n",
        "data.head(5)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "      <th>YrSold</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition</th>\n",
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              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>60 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>65.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>8450</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
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              "      <td>7</td>\n",
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              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
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              "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
              "      <td>196.00</td>\n",
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              "      <td>706</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>150</td>\n",
              "      <td>856</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>856</td>\n",
              "      <td>854</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1710</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
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              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "      <td>8</td>\n",
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              "      <td>2003.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.25</td>\n",
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              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>20 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9600</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
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              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
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              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
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              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>978</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>284</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
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              "      <td>2007 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.11</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>60 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>68.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>11250</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
              "      <td>CollgCr</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
              "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2001 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2002 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
              "      <td>162.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Mn</td>\n",
              "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>486</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>434</td>\n",
              "      <td>920</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>920</td>\n",
              "      <td>866</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1786</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
              "      <td>2001.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>608</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>42</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>9 (MoSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2008 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.32</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>70 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>60.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9550</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>Corner</td>\n",
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              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
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              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>1915 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>1970 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>Wd Sdng</td>\n",
              "      <td>Wd Shng</td>\n",
              "      <td>None</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>BrkTil</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>No</td>\n",
              "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>216</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>540</td>\n",
              "      <td>756</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>961</td>\n",
              "      <td>756</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1717</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Detchd</td>\n",
              "      <td>1998.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>642</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>35</td>\n",
              "      <td>272</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2 (MoSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2006 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Abnorml</td>\n",
              "      <td>11.85</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>60 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>84.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>14260</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>IR1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>FR2</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
              "      <td>NoRidge</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
              "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2000 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2000 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
              "      <td>350.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Av</td>\n",
              "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>655</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>490</td>\n",
              "      <td>1145</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>1145</td>\n",
              "      <td>1053</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2198</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>9</td>\n",
              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
              "      <td>2000.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>836</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>192</td>\n",
              "      <td>84</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>12 (MoSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2008 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.43</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "   Id       MSSubClass MSZoning  LotFrontage  LotArea Street LotShape  \\\n",
              "0   1  60 (MSSubClass)       RL        65.00     8450   Pave      Reg   \n",
              "1   2  20 (MSSubClass)       RL        80.00     9600   Pave      Reg   \n",
              "2   3  60 (MSSubClass)       RL        68.00    11250   Pave      IR1   \n",
              "3   4  70 (MSSubClass)       RL        60.00     9550   Pave      IR1   \n",
              "4   5  60 (MSSubClass)       RL        84.00    14260   Pave      IR1   \n",
              "\n",
              "  LandContour Utilities LotConfig LandSlope Neighborhood Condition1  \\\n",
              "0         Lvl    AllPub    Inside       Gtl      CollgCr       Norm   \n",
              "1         Lvl    AllPub       FR2       Gtl      Veenker      Feedr   \n",
              "2         Lvl    AllPub    Inside       Gtl      CollgCr       Norm   \n",
              "3         Lvl    AllPub    Corner       Gtl      Crawfor       Norm   \n",
              "4         Lvl    AllPub       FR2       Gtl      NoRidge       Norm   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Condition2 BldgType HouseStyle  OverallQual  OverallCond         YearBuilt  \\\n",
              "0       Norm     1Fam     2Story            7            5  2003 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "1       Norm     1Fam     1Story            6            8  1976 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "2       Norm     1Fam     2Story            7            5  2001 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "3       Norm     1Fam     2Story            7            5  1915 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "4       Norm     1Fam     2Story            8            5  2000 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "\n",
              "          YearRemodAdd RoofStyle RoofMatl Exterior1st Exterior2nd MasVnrType  \\\n",
              "0  2003 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     VinylSd     VinylSd    BrkFace   \n",
              "1  1976 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     MetalSd     MetalSd       None   \n",
              "2  2002 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     VinylSd     VinylSd    BrkFace   \n",
              "3  1970 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     Wd Sdng     Wd Shng       None   \n",
              "4  2000 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     VinylSd     VinylSd    BrkFace   \n",
              "\n",
              "   MasVnrArea ExterQual ExterCond Foundation BsmtQual BsmtCond BsmtExposure  \\\n",
              "0      196.00        Gd        TA      PConc       Gd       TA           No   \n",
              "1        0.00        TA        TA     CBlock       Gd       TA           Gd   \n",
              "2      162.00        Gd        TA      PConc       Gd       TA           Mn   \n",
              "3        0.00        TA        TA     BrkTil       TA       Gd           No   \n",
              "4      350.00        Gd        TA      PConc       Gd       TA           Av   \n",
              "\n",
              "  BsmtFinType1  BsmtFinSF1 BsmtFinType2  BsmtFinSF2  BsmtUnfSF  TotalBsmtSF  \\\n",
              "0          GLQ         706          Unf           0        150          856   \n",
              "1          ALQ         978          Unf           0        284         1262   \n",
              "2          GLQ         486          Unf           0        434          920   \n",
              "3          ALQ         216          Unf           0        540          756   \n",
              "4          GLQ         655          Unf           0        490         1145   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Heating HeatingQC  CentralAir Electrical  _1stFlrSF  _2ndFlrSF  \\\n",
              "0    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr        856        854   \n",
              "1    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr       1262          0   \n",
              "2    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr        920        866   \n",
              "3    GasA        Gd        True      SBrkr        961        756   \n",
              "4    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr       1145       1053   \n",
              "\n",
              "   LowQualFinSF  GrLivArea  BsmtFullBath  BsmtHalfBath  FullBath  HalfBath  \\\n",
              "0             0       1710             1             0         2         1   \n",
              "1             0       1262             0             1         2         0   \n",
              "2             0       1786             1             0         2         1   \n",
              "3             0       1717             1             0         1         0   \n",
              "4             0       2198             1             0         2         1   \n",
              "\n",
              "   BedroomAbvGr  KitchenAbvGr KitchenQual  TotRmsAbvGrd Functional  \\\n",
              "0             3             1          Gd             8        Typ   \n",
              "1             3             1          TA             6        Typ   \n",
              "2             3             1          Gd             6        Typ   \n",
              "3             3             1          Gd             7        Typ   \n",
              "4             4             1          Gd             9        Typ   \n",
              "\n",
              "   Fireplaces GarageType           GarageYrBlt GarageFinish  GarageCars  \\\n",
              "0           0     Attchd  2003.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn           2   \n",
              "1           1     Attchd  1976.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn           2   \n",
              "2           1     Attchd  2001.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn           2   \n",
              "3           1     Detchd  1998.0 (GarageYrBlt)          Unf           3   \n",
              "4           1     Attchd  2000.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn           3   \n",
              "\n",
              "   GarageArea GarageQual GarageCond PavedDrive  WoodDeckSF  OpenPorchSF  \\\n",
              "0         548         TA         TA       True           0           61   \n",
              "1         460         TA         TA       True         298            0   \n",
              "2         608         TA         TA       True           0           42   \n",
              "3         642         TA         TA       True           0           35   \n",
              "4         836         TA         TA       True         192           84   \n",
              "\n",
              "   EnclosedPorch  _3SsnPorch  ScreenPorch  PoolArea  MiscVal       MoSold  \\\n",
              "0              0           0            0         0        0   2 (MoSold)   \n",
              "1              0           0            0         0        0   5 (MoSold)   \n",
              "2              0           0            0         0        0   9 (MoSold)   \n",
              "3            272           0            0         0        0   2 (MoSold)   \n",
              "4              0           0            0         0        0  12 (MoSold)   \n",
              "\n",
              "          YrSold SaleType SaleCondition  SalePrice  \n",
              "0  2008 (YrSold)       WD        Normal      12.25  \n",
              "1  2007 (YrSold)       WD        Normal      12.11  \n",
              "2  2008 (YrSold)       WD        Normal      12.32  \n",
              "3  2006 (YrSold)       WD       Abnorml      11.85  \n",
              "4  2008 (YrSold)       WD        Normal      12.43  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 30
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "PrJhbVyvfGyJ",
        "outputId": "0447b54d-335e-4c0a-ffb9-fa0906803e4f"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Variable structure\n",
        "data.dtypes"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Id                 int64\n",
              "MSSubClass         int64\n",
              "MSZoning          object\n",
              "LotFrontage      float64\n",
              "LotArea            int64\n",
              "Street            object\n",
              "Alley             object\n",
              "LotShape          object\n",
              "LandContour       object\n",
              "Utilities         object\n",
              "LotConfig         object\n",
              "LandSlope         object\n",
              "Neighborhood      object\n",
              "Condition1        object\n",
              "Condition2        object\n",
              "BldgType          object\n",
              "HouseStyle        object\n",
              "OverallQual        int64\n",
              "OverallCond        int64\n",
              "YearBuilt          int64\n",
              "YearRemodAdd       int64\n",
              "RoofStyle         object\n",
              "RoofMatl          object\n",
              "Exterior1st       object\n",
              "Exterior2nd       object\n",
              "MasVnrType        object\n",
              "MasVnrArea       float64\n",
              "ExterQual         object\n",
              "ExterCond         object\n",
              "Foundation        object\n",
              "BsmtQual          object\n",
              "BsmtCond          object\n",
              "BsmtExposure      object\n",
              "BsmtFinType1      object\n",
              "BsmtFinSF1         int64\n",
              "BsmtFinType2      object\n",
              "BsmtFinSF2         int64\n",
              "BsmtUnfSF          int64\n",
              "TotalBsmtSF        int64\n",
              "Heating           object\n",
              "HeatingQC         object\n",
              "CentralAir          bool\n",
              "Electrical        object\n",
              "_1stFlrSF          int64\n",
              "_2ndFlrSF          int64\n",
              "LowQualFinSF       int64\n",
              "GrLivArea          int64\n",
              "BsmtFullBath       int64\n",
              "BsmtHalfBath       int64\n",
              "FullBath           int64\n",
              "HalfBath           int64\n",
              "BedroomAbvGr       int64\n",
              "KitchenAbvGr       int64\n",
              "KitchenQual       object\n",
              "TotRmsAbvGrd       int64\n",
              "Functional        object\n",
              "Fireplaces         int64\n",
              "FireplaceQu       object\n",
              "GarageType        object\n",
              "GarageYrBlt      float64\n",
              "GarageFinish      object\n",
              "GarageCars         int64\n",
              "GarageArea         int64\n",
              "GarageQual        object\n",
              "GarageCond        object\n",
              "PavedDrive        object\n",
              "WoodDeckSF         int64\n",
              "OpenPorchSF        int64\n",
              "EnclosedPorch      int64\n",
              "_3SsnPorch         int64\n",
              "ScreenPorch        int64\n",
              "PoolArea           int64\n",
              "PoolQC            object\n",
              "Fence             object\n",
              "MiscFeature       object\n",
              "MiscVal            int64\n",
              "MoSold             int64\n",
              "YrSold             int64\n",
              "SaleType          object\n",
              "SaleCondition     object\n",
              "SalePrice          int64\n",
              "dtype: object"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 6
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "oU4fb_0afGyQ"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Recode names**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "jhc2QHLbfGyS"
      },
      "source": [
        "data.columns = [str.replace('-', '_') for str in data.columns]"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "eDEtgCOAfGyY"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Transform column data type**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "U3G_Od6VfGyY",
        "outputId": "f230f8c4-59ae-4fdc-dde1-eeefac1cfddf"
      },
      "source": [
        "num_to_cat = {\"MSSubClass\",\"YearBuilt\",\"YearRemodAdd\",\"GarageYrBlt\",\"MoSold\",\"YrSold\"}\n",
        "\n",
        "for column in num_to_cat:\n",
        "  data[column] = data[column].astype('object')\n",
        "  data.loc[:,column] = data[column].astype(str) + ' ({})'.format(column)\n",
        "\n",
        "data[num_to_cat].dtypes"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "YearRemodAdd    object\n",
              "MoSold          object\n",
              "YearBuilt       object\n",
              "MSSubClass      object\n",
              "GarageYrBlt     object\n",
              "YrSold          object\n",
              "dtype: object"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 8
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "-33jxwxlfGyd",
        "outputId": "f3966552-efdb-46ea-9e1e-f4bf7a8fc43d"
      },
      "source": [
        "data.head(2)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Id</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>Street</th>\n",
              "      <th>Alley</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotShape</th>\n",
              "      <th>LandContour</th>\n",
              "      <th>Utilities</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotConfig</th>\n",
              "      <th>LandSlope</th>\n",
              "      <th>Neighborhood</th>\n",
              "      <th>Condition1</th>\n",
              "      <th>Condition2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BldgType</th>\n",
              "      <th>HouseStyle</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>YearBuilt</th>\n",
              "      <th>YearRemodAdd</th>\n",
              "      <th>RoofStyle</th>\n",
              "      <th>RoofMatl</th>\n",
              "      <th>Exterior1st</th>\n",
              "      <th>Exterior2nd</th>\n",
              "      <th>MasVnrType</th>\n",
              "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>ExterQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>ExterCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>Foundation</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtExposure</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinType1</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinType2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotalBsmtSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>Heating</th>\n",
              "      <th>HeatingQC</th>\n",
              "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
              "      <th>Electrical</th>\n",
              "      <th>_1stFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>_2ndFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>GrLivArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BedroomAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>KitchenAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>KitchenQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotRmsAbvGrd</th>\n",
              "      <th>Functional</th>\n",
              "      <th>Fireplaces</th>\n",
              "      <th>FireplaceQu</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageType</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageYrBlt</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCars</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive</th>\n",
              "      <th>WoodDeckSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>OpenPorchSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>EnclosedPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>_3SsnPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>ScreenPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>PoolArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>PoolQC</th>\n",
              "      <th>Fence</th>\n",
              "      <th>MiscFeature</th>\n",
              "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition</th>\n",
              "      <th>SalePrice</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>60 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>65.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>8450</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
              "      <td>CollgCr</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
              "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2003 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2003 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
              "      <td>196.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>No</td>\n",
              "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>706</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>150</td>\n",
              "      <td>856</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>856</td>\n",
              "      <td>854</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1710</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
              "      <td>2003.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>548</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2 (MoSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2008 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>208500</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>20 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9600</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>FR2</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
              "      <td>Veenker</td>\n",
              "      <td>Feedr</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>None</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>978</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>284</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>460</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>298</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>NA</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5 (MoSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>181500</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "   Id       MSSubClass MSZoning  LotFrontage  LotArea Street Alley LotShape  \\\n",
              "0   1  60 (MSSubClass)       RL        65.00     8450   Pave    NA      Reg   \n",
              "1   2  20 (MSSubClass)       RL        80.00     9600   Pave    NA      Reg   \n",
              "\n",
              "  LandContour Utilities LotConfig LandSlope Neighborhood Condition1  \\\n",
              "0         Lvl    AllPub    Inside       Gtl      CollgCr       Norm   \n",
              "1         Lvl    AllPub       FR2       Gtl      Veenker      Feedr   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Condition2 BldgType HouseStyle  OverallQual  OverallCond         YearBuilt  \\\n",
              "0       Norm     1Fam     2Story            7            5  2003 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "1       Norm     1Fam     1Story            6            8  1976 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "\n",
              "          YearRemodAdd RoofStyle RoofMatl Exterior1st Exterior2nd MasVnrType  \\\n",
              "0  2003 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     VinylSd     VinylSd    BrkFace   \n",
              "1  1976 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     MetalSd     MetalSd       None   \n",
              "\n",
              "   MasVnrArea ExterQual ExterCond Foundation BsmtQual BsmtCond BsmtExposure  \\\n",
              "0      196.00        Gd        TA      PConc       Gd       TA           No   \n",
              "1        0.00        TA        TA     CBlock       Gd       TA           Gd   \n",
              "\n",
              "  BsmtFinType1  BsmtFinSF1 BsmtFinType2  BsmtFinSF2  BsmtUnfSF  TotalBsmtSF  \\\n",
              "0          GLQ         706          Unf           0        150          856   \n",
              "1          ALQ         978          Unf           0        284         1262   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Heating HeatingQC  CentralAir Electrical  _1stFlrSF  _2ndFlrSF  \\\n",
              "0    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr        856        854   \n",
              "1    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr       1262          0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   LowQualFinSF  GrLivArea  BsmtFullBath  BsmtHalfBath  FullBath  HalfBath  \\\n",
              "0             0       1710             1             0         2         1   \n",
              "1             0       1262             0             1         2         0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   BedroomAbvGr  KitchenAbvGr KitchenQual  TotRmsAbvGrd Functional  \\\n",
              "0             3             1          Gd             8        Typ   \n",
              "1             3             1          TA             6        Typ   \n",
              "\n",
              "   Fireplaces FireplaceQu GarageType           GarageYrBlt GarageFinish  \\\n",
              "0           0          NA     Attchd  2003.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn   \n",
              "1           1          TA     Attchd  1976.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn   \n",
              "\n",
              "   GarageCars  GarageArea GarageQual GarageCond PavedDrive  WoodDeckSF  \\\n",
              "0           2         548         TA         TA       True           0   \n",
              "1           2         460         TA         TA       True         298   \n",
              "\n",
              "   OpenPorchSF  EnclosedPorch  _3SsnPorch  ScreenPorch  PoolArea PoolQC Fence  \\\n",
              "0           61              0           0            0         0     NA    NA   \n",
              "1            0              0           0            0         0     NA    NA   \n",
              "\n",
              "  MiscFeature  MiscVal      MoSold         YrSold SaleType SaleCondition  \\\n",
              "0          NA        0  2 (MoSold)  2008 (YrSold)       WD        Normal   \n",
              "1          NA        0  5 (MoSold)  2007 (YrSold)       WD        Normal   \n",
              "\n",
              "   SalePrice  \n",
              "0     208500  \n",
              "1     181500  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 9
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Xfcia1BnfGyj"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Treat missing values**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "u0anJYASfGyj",
        "outputId": "0434d438-9c42-4d52-9372-b8839a5873d7"
      },
      "source": [
        "(data.astype(np.object) == '?').any()"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Id               False\n",
              "MSSubClass       False\n",
              "MSZoning         False\n",
              "LotFrontage      False\n",
              "LotArea          False\n",
              "Street           False\n",
              "Alley            False\n",
              "LotShape         False\n",
              "LandContour      False\n",
              "Utilities        False\n",
              "LotConfig        False\n",
              "LandSlope        False\n",
              "Neighborhood     False\n",
              "Condition1       False\n",
              "Condition2       False\n",
              "BldgType         False\n",
              "HouseStyle       False\n",
              "OverallQual      False\n",
              "OverallCond      False\n",
              "YearBuilt        False\n",
              "YearRemodAdd     False\n",
              "RoofStyle        False\n",
              "RoofMatl         False\n",
              "Exterior1st      False\n",
              "Exterior2nd      False\n",
              "MasVnrType       False\n",
              "MasVnrArea       False\n",
              "ExterQual        False\n",
              "ExterCond        False\n",
              "Foundation       False\n",
              "BsmtQual         False\n",
              "BsmtCond         False\n",
              "BsmtExposure     False\n",
              "BsmtFinType1     False\n",
              "BsmtFinSF1       False\n",
              "BsmtFinType2     False\n",
              "BsmtFinSF2       False\n",
              "BsmtUnfSF        False\n",
              "TotalBsmtSF      False\n",
              "Heating          False\n",
              "HeatingQC        False\n",
              "CentralAir       False\n",
              "Electrical       False\n",
              "_1stFlrSF        False\n",
              "_2ndFlrSF        False\n",
              "LowQualFinSF     False\n",
              "GrLivArea        False\n",
              "BsmtFullBath     False\n",
              "BsmtHalfBath     False\n",
              "FullBath         False\n",
              "HalfBath         False\n",
              "BedroomAbvGr     False\n",
              "KitchenAbvGr     False\n",
              "KitchenQual      False\n",
              "TotRmsAbvGrd     False\n",
              "Functional       False\n",
              "Fireplaces       False\n",
              "FireplaceQu      False\n",
              "GarageType       False\n",
              "GarageYrBlt      False\n",
              "GarageFinish     False\n",
              "GarageCars       False\n",
              "GarageArea       False\n",
              "GarageQual       False\n",
              "GarageCond       False\n",
              "PavedDrive       False\n",
              "WoodDeckSF       False\n",
              "OpenPorchSF      False\n",
              "EnclosedPorch    False\n",
              "_3SsnPorch       False\n",
              "ScreenPorch      False\n",
              "PoolArea         False\n",
              "PoolQC           False\n",
              "Fence            False\n",
              "MiscFeature      False\n",
              "MiscVal          False\n",
              "MoSold           False\n",
              "YrSold           False\n",
              "SaleType         False\n",
              "SaleCondition    False\n",
              "SalePrice        False\n",
              "dtype: bool"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 10
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "1uj6NVQcfGyo",
        "outputId": "7e6181dc-77fa-4a1f-847d-abb7facf5283"
      },
      "source": [
        "#data = data.replace(['nan', 'NA'],np.nan)\n",
        "data.isnull().sum()/len(data)*100"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/plain": [
              "Id               0.00\n",
              "MSSubClass       0.00\n",
              "MSZoning         0.00\n",
              "LotFrontage     17.74\n",
              "LotArea          0.00\n",
              "Street           0.00\n",
              "Alley            0.00\n",
              "LotShape         0.00\n",
              "LandContour      0.00\n",
              "Utilities        0.00\n",
              "LotConfig        0.00\n",
              "LandSlope        0.00\n",
              "Neighborhood     0.00\n",
              "Condition1       0.00\n",
              "Condition2       0.00\n",
              "BldgType         0.00\n",
              "HouseStyle       0.00\n",
              "OverallQual      0.00\n",
              "OverallCond      0.00\n",
              "YearBuilt        0.00\n",
              "YearRemodAdd     0.00\n",
              "RoofStyle        0.00\n",
              "RoofMatl         0.00\n",
              "Exterior1st      0.00\n",
              "Exterior2nd      0.00\n",
              "MasVnrType       0.00\n",
              "MasVnrArea       0.55\n",
              "ExterQual        0.00\n",
              "ExterCond        0.00\n",
              "Foundation       0.00\n",
              "BsmtQual         0.00\n",
              "BsmtCond         0.00\n",
              "BsmtExposure     0.00\n",
              "BsmtFinType1     0.00\n",
              "BsmtFinSF1       0.00\n",
              "BsmtFinType2     0.00\n",
              "BsmtFinSF2       0.00\n",
              "BsmtUnfSF        0.00\n",
              "TotalBsmtSF      0.00\n",
              "Heating          0.00\n",
              "HeatingQC        0.00\n",
              "CentralAir       0.00\n",
              "Electrical       0.00\n",
              "_1stFlrSF        0.00\n",
              "_2ndFlrSF        0.00\n",
              "LowQualFinSF     0.00\n",
              "GrLivArea        0.00\n",
              "BsmtFullBath     0.00\n",
              "BsmtHalfBath     0.00\n",
              "FullBath         0.00\n",
              "HalfBath         0.00\n",
              "BedroomAbvGr     0.00\n",
              "KitchenAbvGr     0.00\n",
              "KitchenQual      0.00\n",
              "TotRmsAbvGrd     0.00\n",
              "Functional       0.00\n",
              "Fireplaces       0.00\n",
              "FireplaceQu      0.00\n",
              "GarageType       0.00\n",
              "GarageYrBlt      0.00\n",
              "GarageFinish     0.00\n",
              "GarageCars       0.00\n",
              "GarageArea       0.00\n",
              "GarageQual       0.00\n",
              "GarageCond       0.00\n",
              "PavedDrive       2.05\n",
              "WoodDeckSF       0.00\n",
              "OpenPorchSF      0.00\n",
              "EnclosedPorch    0.00\n",
              "_3SsnPorch       0.00\n",
              "ScreenPorch      0.00\n",
              "PoolArea         0.00\n",
              "PoolQC           0.00\n",
              "Fence            0.00\n",
              "MiscFeature      0.00\n",
              "MiscVal          0.00\n",
              "MoSold           0.00\n",
              "YrSold           0.00\n",
              "SaleType         0.00\n",
              "SaleCondition    0.00\n",
              "SalePrice        0.00\n",
              "dtype: float64"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 11
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "qDHGeZhUfGys",
        "outputId": "7e240481-4ff1-47e0-a0d3-0daac1b60fca"
      },
      "source": [
        "print(\"Number of rows and columns in data before dropping :\", data.shape)\n",
        "data = data.drop(['MiscFeature', 'Fence', 'PoolQC', 'FireplaceQu', 'Alley'], axis = 1)\n",
        "print(\"Number of rows and columns in data after dropping :\", data.shape)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Number of rows and columns in data before dropping : (1460, 81)\n",
            "Number of rows and columns in data after dropping : (1460, 76)\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YrnxooUzfGyw"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Aggregating categorical variables**\n",
        "\n",
        "When a dataset contains categorical variables these need to be investigated to ensure that each category has sufficient samples. It is commonly the case that some categories may have very few samples, or have so many similar categories as to be meaningless."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "HiKXpfYSfGyx",
        "outputId": "06a3f2d2-9d93-4122-b0c3-391bd4a29706"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Checking MSZoning distribution\n",
        "print(data['MSZoning'].value_counts(normalize = True))\n",
        "\n",
        "display(data.groupby('MSZoning')['SalePrice'].describe().reset_index())\n",
        "\n",
        "def plot_box(data, col, col_y = 'SalePrice'):\n",
        "    sns.set_style(\"whitegrid\")\n",
        "    sns.boxplot(col, col_y, data=data)\n",
        "    plt.xlabel(col) # Set text for the x axis\n",
        "    plt.ylabel(col_y)# Set text for y axis\n",
        "    plt.show()\n",
        "\n",
        "plot_box(data, 'MSZoning')"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "RL        0.79\n",
            "RM        0.15\n",
            "FV        0.04\n",
            "RH        0.01\n",
            "C (all)   0.01\n",
            "Name: MSZoning, dtype: float64\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning</th>\n",
              "      <th>count</th>\n",
              "      <th>mean</th>\n",
              "      <th>std</th>\n",
              "      <th>min</th>\n",
              "      <th>25%</th>\n",
              "      <th>50%</th>\n",
              "      <th>75%</th>\n",
              "      <th>max</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>C (all)</td>\n",
              "      <td>10.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>74528.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>33791.09</td>\n",
              "      <td>34900.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>43998.25</td>\n",
              "      <td>74700.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>98332.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>133900.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>FV</td>\n",
              "      <td>65.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>214014.06</td>\n",
              "      <td>52369.66</td>\n",
              "      <td>144152.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>174000.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>205950.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>250000.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>370878.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>RH</td>\n",
              "      <td>16.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>131558.38</td>\n",
              "      <td>35714.12</td>\n",
              "      <td>76000.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>106150.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>136500.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>148608.50</td>\n",
              "      <td>200000.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>3</th>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>1151.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>191004.99</td>\n",
              "      <td>80766.34</td>\n",
              "      <td>39300.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>137700.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>174000.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>224700.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>755000.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>4</th>\n",
              "      <td>RM</td>\n",
              "      <td>218.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>126316.83</td>\n",
              "      <td>48521.69</td>\n",
              "      <td>37900.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>100000.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>120500.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>140000.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>475000.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "  MSZoning   count      mean      std       min       25%       50%       75%  \\\n",
              "0  C (all)   10.00  74528.00 33791.09  34900.00  43998.25  74700.00  98332.00   \n",
              "1       FV   65.00 214014.06 52369.66 144152.00 174000.00 205950.00 250000.00   \n",
              "2       RH   16.00 131558.38 35714.12  76000.00 106150.00 136500.00 148608.50   \n",
              "3       RL 1151.00 191004.99 80766.34  39300.00 137700.00 174000.00 224700.00   \n",
              "4       RM  218.00 126316.83 48521.69  37900.00 100000.00 120500.00 140000.00   \n",
              "\n",
              "        max  \n",
              "0 133900.00  \n",
              "1 370878.00  \n",
              "2 200000.00  \n",
              "3 755000.00  \n",
              "4 475000.00  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          }
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "image/png": 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\n",
            "text/plain": [
              "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "CKlBqvpIfGy2",
        "outputId": "5065d9d8-5fff-4259-d7fe-c4d4d6e622e3"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Transforming MSZoning\n",
        "MSZoning = {'C (all)':'RM', 'RH':'RM', 'FV': 'FV', 'RL': 'RL', 'RM':'RM'}\n",
        "data['MSZoning'] = [MSZoning[x] for x in data['MSZoning']]\n",
        "\n",
        "# Checking MSZoning distribution\n",
        "print(data['MSZoning'].value_counts(normalize = True))\n",
        "\n",
        "plot_box(data, 'MSZoning')"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "RL   0.79\n",
            "RM   0.17\n",
            "FV   0.04\n",
            "Name: MSZoning, dtype: float64\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        },
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "image/png": 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\n",
            "text/plain": [
              "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gmm3PmbcfGy6"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Transforming numeric variables**\n",
        "\n",
        "To improve performance of machine learning models transformations of the values are often applied. Typically, transformations are used to make the relationships between variables more linear. In other cases, transformations are performed to make distributions closer to Normal, or at least more symmetric. These transformations can include taking logarithms, exponential transformations and power transformations"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "OfwJ8QpifGy7",
        "outputId": "7f263cca-967e-4c60-c14f-7413d92bcfc7"
      },
      "source": [
        "sns.distplot(data['SalePrice']);"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "image/png": 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\n",
            "text/plain": [
              "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vmHdAVRKfGzA",
        "outputId": "21b96f3b-4a8f-4bfc-e60f-b04368b4aa07"
      },
      "source": [
        "sns.distplot(np.log(data['SalePrice']));"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "display_data",
          "data": {
            "image/png": 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\n",
            "text/plain": [
              "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          }
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "UblHhMtPfGzH"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Changing distribution of SalePrice\n",
        "data['SalePrice'] = np.log(data['SalePrice'])"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "Hmp56Rc8fGzP",
        "outputId": "c86861b2-e825-4fcc-ae89-3a5e752bc0c1"
      },
      "source": [
        "data.head(2)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>Id</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>Street</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotShape</th>\n",
              "      <th>LandContour</th>\n",
              "      <th>Utilities</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotConfig</th>\n",
              "      <th>LandSlope</th>\n",
              "      <th>Neighborhood</th>\n",
              "      <th>Condition1</th>\n",
              "      <th>Condition2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BldgType</th>\n",
              "      <th>HouseStyle</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>YearBuilt</th>\n",
              "      <th>YearRemodAdd</th>\n",
              "      <th>RoofStyle</th>\n",
              "      <th>RoofMatl</th>\n",
              "      <th>Exterior1st</th>\n",
              "      <th>Exterior2nd</th>\n",
              "      <th>MasVnrType</th>\n",
              "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>ExterQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>ExterCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>Foundation</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtExposure</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinType1</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinType2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotalBsmtSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>Heating</th>\n",
              "      <th>HeatingQC</th>\n",
              "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
              "      <th>Electrical</th>\n",
              "      <th>_1stFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>_2ndFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>GrLivArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BedroomAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>KitchenAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>KitchenQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotRmsAbvGrd</th>\n",
              "      <th>Functional</th>\n",
              "      <th>Fireplaces</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageType</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageYrBlt</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCars</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive</th>\n",
              "      <th>WoodDeckSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>OpenPorchSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>EnclosedPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>_3SsnPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>ScreenPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>PoolArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition</th>\n",
              "      <th>SalePrice</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>60 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>65.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>8450</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>Inside</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
              "      <td>CollgCr</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
              "      <td>2Story</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>2003 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2003 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>VinylSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>BrkFace</td>\n",
              "      <td>196.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>PConc</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>No</td>\n",
              "      <td>GLQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>706</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>150</td>\n",
              "      <td>856</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>856</td>\n",
              "      <td>854</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1710</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
              "      <td>2003.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>548</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>61</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2 (MoSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2008 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.25</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>20 (MSSubClass)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RL</td>\n",
              "      <td>80.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9600</td>\n",
              "      <td>Pave</td>\n",
              "      <td>Reg</td>\n",
              "      <td>Lvl</td>\n",
              "      <td>AllPub</td>\n",
              "      <td>FR2</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gtl</td>\n",
              "      <td>Veenker</td>\n",
              "      <td>Feedr</td>\n",
              "      <td>Norm</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Fam</td>\n",
              "      <td>1Story</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976 (YearBuilt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976 (YearRemodAdd)</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gable</td>\n",
              "      <td>CompShg</td>\n",
              "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>MetalSd</td>\n",
              "      <td>None</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>CBlock</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Gd</td>\n",
              "      <td>ALQ</td>\n",
              "      <td>978</td>\n",
              "      <td>Unf</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>284</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>GasA</td>\n",
              "      <td>Ex</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>SBrkr</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1262</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>Typ</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>Attchd</td>\n",
              "      <td>1976.0 (GarageYrBlt)</td>\n",
              "      <td>RFn</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>460</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>TA</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>298</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>5 (MoSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>2007 (YrSold)</td>\n",
              "      <td>WD</td>\n",
              "      <td>Normal</td>\n",
              "      <td>12.11</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "   Id       MSSubClass MSZoning  LotFrontage  LotArea Street LotShape  \\\n",
              "0   1  60 (MSSubClass)       RL        65.00     8450   Pave      Reg   \n",
              "1   2  20 (MSSubClass)       RL        80.00     9600   Pave      Reg   \n",
              "\n",
              "  LandContour Utilities LotConfig LandSlope Neighborhood Condition1  \\\n",
              "0         Lvl    AllPub    Inside       Gtl      CollgCr       Norm   \n",
              "1         Lvl    AllPub       FR2       Gtl      Veenker      Feedr   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Condition2 BldgType HouseStyle  OverallQual  OverallCond         YearBuilt  \\\n",
              "0       Norm     1Fam     2Story            7            5  2003 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "1       Norm     1Fam     1Story            6            8  1976 (YearBuilt)   \n",
              "\n",
              "          YearRemodAdd RoofStyle RoofMatl Exterior1st Exterior2nd MasVnrType  \\\n",
              "0  2003 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     VinylSd     VinylSd    BrkFace   \n",
              "1  1976 (YearRemodAdd)     Gable  CompShg     MetalSd     MetalSd       None   \n",
              "\n",
              "   MasVnrArea ExterQual ExterCond Foundation BsmtQual BsmtCond BsmtExposure  \\\n",
              "0      196.00        Gd        TA      PConc       Gd       TA           No   \n",
              "1        0.00        TA        TA     CBlock       Gd       TA           Gd   \n",
              "\n",
              "  BsmtFinType1  BsmtFinSF1 BsmtFinType2  BsmtFinSF2  BsmtUnfSF  TotalBsmtSF  \\\n",
              "0          GLQ         706          Unf           0        150          856   \n",
              "1          ALQ         978          Unf           0        284         1262   \n",
              "\n",
              "  Heating HeatingQC  CentralAir Electrical  _1stFlrSF  _2ndFlrSF  \\\n",
              "0    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr        856        854   \n",
              "1    GasA        Ex        True      SBrkr       1262          0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   LowQualFinSF  GrLivArea  BsmtFullBath  BsmtHalfBath  FullBath  HalfBath  \\\n",
              "0             0       1710             1             0         2         1   \n",
              "1             0       1262             0             1         2         0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   BedroomAbvGr  KitchenAbvGr KitchenQual  TotRmsAbvGrd Functional  \\\n",
              "0             3             1          Gd             8        Typ   \n",
              "1             3             1          TA             6        Typ   \n",
              "\n",
              "   Fireplaces GarageType           GarageYrBlt GarageFinish  GarageCars  \\\n",
              "0           0     Attchd  2003.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn           2   \n",
              "1           1     Attchd  1976.0 (GarageYrBlt)          RFn           2   \n",
              "\n",
              "   GarageArea GarageQual GarageCond PavedDrive  WoodDeckSF  OpenPorchSF  \\\n",
              "0         548         TA         TA       True           0           61   \n",
              "1         460         TA         TA       True         298            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "   EnclosedPorch  _3SsnPorch  ScreenPorch  PoolArea  MiscVal      MoSold  \\\n",
              "0              0           0            0         0        0  2 (MoSold)   \n",
              "1              0           0            0         0        0  5 (MoSold)   \n",
              "\n",
              "          YrSold SaleType SaleCondition  SalePrice  \n",
              "0  2008 (YrSold)       WD        Normal      12.25  \n",
              "1  2007 (YrSold)       WD        Normal      12.11  "
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 18
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "10sUN4gUfGzT"
      },
      "source": [
        "# **Pre steps for Machine learning**\n",
        "\n",
        "In order to perform any machine learning task, there are some steps which need to perform beforehand. These steps are:\n",
        "\n",
        " + Creating X and y\n",
        " + Splitting data into train, validation and test\n",
        " + Transforming categorical variables\n",
        " + Feature scaling for numerical variables"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "hlWHj205fGzU",
        "outputId": "f885644b-985d-43c4-cc70-291a8827ddc4"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Creating X and y\n",
        "X = data.drop(['Id', 'SalePrice'], axis = 1)\n",
        "y = data['SalePrice']\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Shape of X :\", X.shape)\n",
        "print(\"Shape of y :\", y.shape)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "Shape of X : (1460, 74)\n",
            "Shape of y : (1460,)\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "VGMtaQHYfGzY"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Splitting data into train, validation and test**\n",
        "\n",
        "When performing any type of machine learning, good data preparation is required to ensure good model performance. Poor data preparation is often the source of poor machine learning model performance.\n",
        "\n",
        "The first step in preparing these data is to create **independently sampled** **training dataset** and **validation dataset**. In most cases, an independently sampled **test dataset** will also be used. In this case, no model improvement or comparison will be performed so this additional step is unnecessary.\n",
        "\n",
        "If the same data are used to train and test a machine learning model, there is a high likelihood that the model will simply be learning the training data. In technical terms one can say that there is **information leakage** between the training and test processes. In this case, the model may not **generalize** well. A model that generalizes well produces consistent results when presented with new cases, never before encountered. Conversely, a model with poor generalization might give unexpected results when presented with a new case.\n",
        "\n",
        "The random sub-samples of the data are created using a process called **Bernoulli sampling**. Bernoulli sampling accepts a sample into the data subset with probability $p$. In this case, the probability that a given case is in the training dataset is $p$. The probability a case is in the test dataset then becomes $1-p$.\n",
        "\n",
        "The `train_test_split` function from the `sklearn.model_selection` module performed the required Bernoulli sampling. The `train_test_split` function samples the index for the array containing the features and label values."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "IeERzbfifGzZ"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Splitting the dataset into the Training set and Test set\n",
        "from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split\n",
        "X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X, y, test_size = 0.3, random_state = 0)\n",
        "X_validation, X_test, y_validation, y_test = train_test_split(X_test, y_test, test_size = 0.5, random_state = 0)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "GtAhZHzLfGzj",
        "outputId": "a2201fba-e966-4a85-8ccc-3f63c32a1feb"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Checking distribution of training, validation and test set\n",
        "\n",
        "sample_type = ['train','validation','test']\n",
        "sample_size = [len(X_train), len(X_validation), len(X_test)]\n",
        "\n",
        "sample_size_df = pd.DataFrame()\n",
        "sample_size_df['sample_type'] = sample_type\n",
        "sample_size_df['total_sample'] = len(X)\n",
        "sample_size_df['sample_size'] = sample_size\n",
        "sample_size_df['sample_dist'] = sample_size_df['sample_size']/sample_size_df['total_sample']*100\n",
        "sample_size_df"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>sample_type</th>\n",
              "      <th>total_sample</th>\n",
              "      <th>sample_size</th>\n",
              "      <th>sample_dist</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>0</th>\n",
              "      <td>train</td>\n",
              "      <td>1460</td>\n",
              "      <td>1022</td>\n",
              "      <td>70.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1</th>\n",
              "      <td>validation</td>\n",
              "      <td>1460</td>\n",
              "      <td>219</td>\n",
              "      <td>15.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>2</th>\n",
              "      <td>test</td>\n",
              "      <td>1460</td>\n",
              "      <td>219</td>\n",
              "      <td>15.00</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "  sample_type  total_sample  sample_size  sample_dist\n",
              "0       train          1460         1022        70.00\n",
              "1  validation          1460          219        15.00\n",
              "2        test          1460          219        15.00"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 21
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "yqgxez_efGzo"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Missing value imputation**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "gqkyUCUafGzp"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **Categorical variables**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "QK9lA7bnfGzq",
        "outputId": "55e2276f-0bdd-4148-81cc-8e580db3bf59"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Missing value imputation for categorical variables\n",
        "\n",
        "# list of categorical variables\n",
        "cat_var = X_train.select_dtypes(include = ['object']).columns.tolist()\n",
        "print(cat_var)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_train[cat_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_validation :\", X_validation[cat_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_test :\", X_test[cat_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\" \")\n",
        "\n",
        "X_train[cat_var] = X_train[cat_var].fillna('Unknown')\n",
        "X_validation[cat_var] = X_validation[cat_var].fillna('Unknown')\n",
        "X_test[cat_var] = X_test[cat_var].fillna('Unknown')\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_train[cat_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_validation[cat_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_test[cat_var].isnull().sum().sum())"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "['MSSubClass', 'MSZoning', 'Street', 'LotShape', 'LandContour', 'Utilities', 'LotConfig', 'LandSlope', 'Neighborhood', 'Condition1', 'Condition2', 'BldgType', 'HouseStyle', 'YearBuilt', 'YearRemodAdd', 'RoofStyle', 'RoofMatl', 'Exterior1st', 'Exterior2nd', 'MasVnrType', 'ExterQual', 'ExterCond', 'Foundation', 'BsmtQual', 'BsmtCond', 'BsmtExposure', 'BsmtFinType1', 'BsmtFinType2', 'Heating', 'HeatingQC', 'Electrical', 'KitchenQual', 'Functional', 'GarageType', 'GarageYrBlt', 'GarageFinish', 'GarageQual', 'GarageCond', 'PavedDrive', 'MoSold', 'YrSold', 'SaleType', 'SaleCondition']\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 18\n",
            "Missing values in X_validation : 7\n",
            "Missing values in X_test : 5\n",
            " \n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 0\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 0\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 0\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "DwLYDixIfGzv"
      },
      "source": [
        "### **Numerical variables**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "rAmfH59ffGzy",
        "outputId": "45b0ff28-52ae-40e1-bd88-3f259998f09d"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Missing value imputation for categorical variables\n",
        "\n",
        "# list of categorical variables\n",
        "num_var = X_train.select_dtypes(include = ['int', 'float']).columns.tolist()\n",
        "print(num_var)\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_train[num_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_validation[num_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_test[num_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\" \")\n",
        "\n",
        "from sklearn.impute import SimpleImputer\n",
        "imputer = SimpleImputer(missing_values = np.nan, strategy = 'median')\n",
        "imputer = imputer.fit(X_train[num_var])\n",
        "X_train[num_var] = imputer.transform(X_train[num_var])\n",
        "X_validation[num_var] = imputer.transform(X_validation[num_var])\n",
        "X_test[num_var] = imputer.transform(X_test[num_var])\n",
        "\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_train[num_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_validation[num_var].isnull().sum().sum())\n",
        "print(\"Missing values in X_train :\", X_test[num_var].isnull().sum().sum())"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "stream",
          "text": [
            "['LotFrontage', 'MasVnrArea']\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 194\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 39\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 34\n",
            " \n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 0\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 0\n",
            "Missing values in X_train : 0\n"
          ],
          "name": "stdout"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "kyxIU039fGz8"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Transforming categorical variables**"
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "vTmMpUUGfGz9",
        "outputId": "de4afa54-4377-424c-9ddd-dca8c1776c0d"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Encoding categorical data\n",
        "temp = pd.get_dummies(X_train[cat_var])\n",
        "X_train = X_train.drop(cat_var, axis = 1)\n",
        "X_train = pd.concat([X_train, temp], axis = 1)\n",
        "X_train.head(5)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotalBsmtSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
              "      <th>_1stFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>_2ndFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>GrLivArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BedroomAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>KitchenAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotRmsAbvGrd</th>\n",
              "      <th>Fireplaces</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCars</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>WoodDeckSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>OpenPorchSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>EnclosedPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>_3SsnPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>ScreenPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>PoolArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_120 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_160 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_180 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_190 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_20 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_30 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_40 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_45 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_50 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_60 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_70 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_75 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_80 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_85 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_90 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_FV</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_RL</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_RM</th>\n",
              "      <th>Street_Grvl</th>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_RFn</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_Unf</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Ex</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Fa</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Gd</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Po</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_TA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Ex</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Fa</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Gd</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Po</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_TA</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_False</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_True</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_Unknown</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_1 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_10 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_11 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_12 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_2 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_3 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_4 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_5 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_6 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_7 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_8 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_9 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2006 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2007 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2008 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2009 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2010 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_COD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_CWD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_Con</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLI</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLw</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_New</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_Oth</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_WD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Abnorml</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_AdjLand</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Alloca</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Family</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Normal</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Partial</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>64</th>\n",
              "      <td>69.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9375</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>573.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>739</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>318</td>\n",
              "      <td>1057</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>1057</td>\n",
              "      <td>977</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2034</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>645</td>\n",
              "      <td>576</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>682</th>\n",
              "      <td>69.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>2887</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>1003</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>288</td>\n",
              "      <td>1291</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>1291</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1291</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>431</td>\n",
              "      <td>307</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>960</th>\n",
              "      <td>50.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>7207</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>696</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>162</td>\n",
              "      <td>858</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>858</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>858</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>117</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1384</th>\n",
              "      <td>60.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9060</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>204</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>356</td>\n",
              "      <td>560</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>698</td>\n",
              "      <td>560</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1258</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>280</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1100</th>\n",
              "      <td>60.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>8400</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>290</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>290</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "      <td>438</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>438</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>246</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>5 rows × 561 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "      LotFrontage  LotArea  OverallQual  OverallCond  MasVnrArea  BsmtFinSF1  \\\n",
              "64          69.00     9375            7            5      573.00         739   \n",
              "682         69.00     2887            6            5        0.00        1003   \n",
              "960         50.00     7207            5            7        0.00         696   \n",
              "1384        60.00     9060            6            5        0.00         204   \n",
              "1100        60.00     8400            2            5        0.00         290   \n",
              "\n",
              "      BsmtFinSF2  BsmtUnfSF  TotalBsmtSF  CentralAir  _1stFlrSF  _2ndFlrSF  \\\n",
              "64             0        318         1057        True       1057        977   \n",
              "682            0        288         1291        True       1291          0   \n",
              "960            0        162          858        True        858          0   \n",
              "1384           0        356          560        True        698        560   \n",
              "1100           0          0          290       False        438          0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      LowQualFinSF  GrLivArea  BsmtFullBath  BsmtHalfBath  FullBath  HalfBath  \\\n",
              "64               0       2034             1             0         2         1   \n",
              "682              0       1291             1             0         1         0   \n",
              "960              0        858             1             0         1         0   \n",
              "1384             0       1258             0             0         1         0   \n",
              "1100             0        438             0             0         1         0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      BedroomAbvGr  KitchenAbvGr  TotRmsAbvGrd  Fireplaces  GarageCars  \\\n",
              "64               3             1             8           0           2   \n",
              "682              2             1             6           1           2   \n",
              "960              2             1             4           0           0   \n",
              "1384             2             1             6           0           1   \n",
              "1100             1             1             3           0           1   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageArea  WoodDeckSF  OpenPorchSF  EnclosedPorch  _3SsnPorch  \\\n",
              "64           645         576           36              0           0   \n",
              "682          431         307            0              0           0   \n",
              "960            0         117            0              0           0   \n",
              "1384         280           0            0              0           0   \n",
              "1100         246           0            0              0           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      ScreenPorch  PoolArea  MiscVal  MSSubClass_120 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "64              0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "682             0         0        0                            1   \n",
              "960             0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "1384            0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "1100            0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_160 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_180 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "64                              0                            0   \n",
              "682                             0                            0   \n",
              "960                             0                            0   \n",
              "1384                            0                            0   \n",
              "1100                            0                            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_190 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_20 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "64                              0                           0   \n",
              "682                             0                           0   \n",
              "960                             0                           1   \n",
              "1384                            0                           0   \n",
              "1100                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_30 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_40 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "64                             0                           0   \n",
              "682                            0                           0   \n",
              "960                            0                           0   \n",
              "1384                           0                           0   \n",
              "1100                           1                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_45 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_50 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "64                             0                           0   \n",
              "682                            0                           0   \n",
              "960                            0                           0   \n",
              "1384                           0                           1   \n",
              "1100                           0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_60 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_70 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "64                             1                           0   \n",
              "682                            0                           0   \n",
              "960                            0                           0   \n",
              "1384                           0                           0   \n",
              "1100                           0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_75 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_80 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "64                             0                           0   \n",
              "682                            0                           0   \n",
              "960                            0                           0   \n",
              "1384                           0                           0   \n",
              "1100                           0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_85 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_90 (MSSubClass)  MSZoning_FV  \\\n",
              "64                             0                           0            0   \n",
              "682                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "960                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "1384                           0                           0            0   \n",
              "1100                           0                           0            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSZoning_RL  MSZoning_RM  Street_Grvl  ...  GarageFinish_NA  \\\n",
              "64              1            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "682             1            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "960             1            0            0  ...                1   \n",
              "1384            1            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "1100            1            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageFinish_RFn  GarageFinish_Unf  GarageQual_Ex  GarageQual_Fa  \\\n",
              "64                   1                 0              0              0   \n",
              "682                  0                 1              0              0   \n",
              "960                  0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "1384                 0                 1              0              0   \n",
              "1100                 0                 1              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageQual_Gd  GarageQual_NA  GarageQual_Po  GarageQual_TA  \\\n",
              "64                0              0              0              1   \n",
              "682               0              0              0              1   \n",
              "960               0              1              0              0   \n",
              "1384              0              0              0              1   \n",
              "1100              0              0              0              1   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageCond_Ex  GarageCond_Fa  GarageCond_Gd  GarageCond_NA  \\\n",
              "64                0              0              0              0   \n",
              "682               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "960               0              0              0              1   \n",
              "1384              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "1100              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageCond_Po  GarageCond_TA  PavedDrive_False  PavedDrive_True  \\\n",
              "64                0              1                 0                1   \n",
              "682               0              1                 0                1   \n",
              "960               0              0                 0                1   \n",
              "1384              0              1                 0                0   \n",
              "1100              0              1                 1                0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      PavedDrive_Unknown  MoSold_1 (MoSold)  MoSold_10 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "64                     0                  0                   0   \n",
              "682                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "960                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "1384                   1                  0                   1   \n",
              "1100                   0                  1                   0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_11 (MoSold)  MoSold_12 (MoSold)  MoSold_2 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "64                     0                   0                  1   \n",
              "682                    1                   0                  0   \n",
              "960                    0                   0                  1   \n",
              "1384                   0                   0                  0   \n",
              "1100                   0                   0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_3 (MoSold)  MoSold_4 (MoSold)  MoSold_5 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "64                    0                  0                  0   \n",
              "682                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "960                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "1384                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "1100                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_6 (MoSold)  MoSold_7 (MoSold)  MoSold_8 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "64                    0                  0                  0   \n",
              "682                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "960                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "1384                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "1100                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_9 (MoSold)  YrSold_2006 (YrSold)  YrSold_2007 (YrSold)  \\\n",
              "64                    0                     0                     0   \n",
              "682                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "960                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "1384                  0                     0                     0   \n",
              "1100                  0                     0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      YrSold_2008 (YrSold)  YrSold_2009 (YrSold)  YrSold_2010 (YrSold)  \\\n",
              "64                       0                     1                     0   \n",
              "682                      1                     0                     0   \n",
              "960                      0                     0                     1   \n",
              "1384                     0                     1                     0   \n",
              "1100                     0                     1                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleType_COD  SaleType_CWD  SaleType_Con  SaleType_ConLD  \\\n",
              "64               0             0             0               0   \n",
              "682              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "960              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "1384             0             0             0               0   \n",
              "1100             0             0             0               0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleType_ConLI  SaleType_ConLw  SaleType_New  SaleType_Oth  SaleType_WD  \\\n",
              "64                 0               0             0             0            1   \n",
              "682                0               0             0             0            1   \n",
              "960                0               0             0             0            1   \n",
              "1384               0               0             0             0            1   \n",
              "1100               0               0             0             0            1   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleCondition_Abnorml  SaleCondition_AdjLand  SaleCondition_Alloca  \\\n",
              "64                        0                      0                     0   \n",
              "682                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "960                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "1384                      0                      0                     0   \n",
              "1100                      0                      0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleCondition_Family  SaleCondition_Normal  SaleCondition_Partial  \n",
              "64                       0                     1                      0  \n",
              "682                      0                     1                      0  \n",
              "960                      0                     1                      0  \n",
              "1384                     0                     1                      0  \n",
              "1100                     0                     1                      0  \n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 561 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 24
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "TM1ihtLXfG0B"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Get missing columns in the training test\n",
        "feature_list_train = set(X_train.columns)\n",
        "feature_list_validation = set(X_validation.columns)\n",
        "feature_list_test = set(X_test.columns)\n",
        "missing_cols_validation = feature_list_train - feature_list_validation\n",
        "missing_cols_test = feature_list_train - feature_list_test"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "utJYztWnfG0E",
        "outputId": "51b62ed8-8dbb-4959-cd61-59c3b84105e7"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Encoding categorical data\n",
        "temp = pd.get_dummies(X_validation[cat_var])\n",
        "X_validation = X_validation.drop(cat_var, axis = 1)\n",
        "X_validation = pd.concat([X_validation, temp], axis = 1)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Add a missing column in test set with default value equal to 0\n",
        "for c in missing_cols_validation:\n",
        "    X_validation[c] = 0\n",
        "# Ensure the order of column in the test set is in the same order than in train set\n",
        "X_validation = X_validation[X_train.columns]\n",
        "X_validation.head(5)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
            "text/html": [
              "<div>\n",
              "<style scoped>\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
              "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
              "        vertical-align: top;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "\n",
              "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
              "        text-align: right;\n",
              "    }\n",
              "</style>\n",
              "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF2</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtUnfSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotalBsmtSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>CentralAir</th>\n",
              "      <th>_1stFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>_2ndFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>GrLivArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>FullBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>HalfBath</th>\n",
              "      <th>BedroomAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>KitchenAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotRmsAbvGrd</th>\n",
              "      <th>Fireplaces</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCars</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>WoodDeckSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>OpenPorchSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>EnclosedPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>_3SsnPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>ScreenPorch</th>\n",
              "      <th>PoolArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>MiscVal</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_120 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_160 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_180 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_190 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_20 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_30 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_40 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_45 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_50 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_60 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_70 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_75 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_80 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_85 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_90 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_FV</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_RL</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_RM</th>\n",
              "      <th>Street_Grvl</th>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_RFn</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_Unf</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Ex</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Fa</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Gd</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Po</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_TA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Ex</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Fa</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Gd</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Po</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_TA</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_False</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_True</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_Unknown</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_1 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_10 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_11 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_12 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_2 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_3 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_4 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_5 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_6 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_7 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_8 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_9 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2006 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2007 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2008 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2009 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2010 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_COD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_CWD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_Con</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLI</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLw</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_New</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_Oth</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_WD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Abnorml</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_AdjLand</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Alloca</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Family</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Normal</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Partial</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1248</th>\n",
              "      <td>60.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9600</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>319</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>416</td>\n",
              "      <td>735</td>\n",
              "      <td>False</td>\n",
              "      <td>1134</td>\n",
              "      <td>924</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2058</td>\n",
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              "      <td>1</td>\n",
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              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>8</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>396</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>259</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>75</th>\n",
              "      <td>21.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>1596</td>\n",
              "      <td>4</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>462</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>462</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>526</td>\n",
              "      <td>462</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>988</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>297</td>\n",
              "      <td>120</td>\n",
              "      <td>101</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>486</th>\n",
              "      <td>79.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>10289</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>168.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>836</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>237</td>\n",
              "      <td>1073</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>1073</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1073</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>515</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>1390</th>\n",
              "      <td>70.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>9100</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>244.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>1400</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>125</td>\n",
              "      <td>1525</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>1525</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1525</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>541</td>\n",
              "      <td>219</td>\n",
              "      <td>36</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>776</th>\n",
              "      <td>86.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>11210</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>240.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1594</td>\n",
              "      <td>1614</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>1614</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1614</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>3</td>\n",
              "      <td>865</td>\n",
              "      <td>144</td>\n",
              "      <td>59</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>5 rows × 561 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "      LotFrontage  LotArea  OverallQual  OverallCond  MasVnrArea  BsmtFinSF1  \\\n",
              "1248        60.00     9600            6            5        0.00         319   \n",
              "75          21.00     1596            4            5        0.00         462   \n",
              "486         79.00    10289            5            7      168.00         836   \n",
              "1390        70.00     9100            7            5      244.00        1400   \n",
              "776         86.00    11210            7            5      240.00          20   \n",
              "\n",
              "      BsmtFinSF2  BsmtUnfSF  TotalBsmtSF  CentralAir  _1stFlrSF  _2ndFlrSF  \\\n",
              "1248           0        416          735       False       1134        924   \n",
              "75             0          0          462        True        526        462   \n",
              "486            0        237         1073        True       1073          0   \n",
              "1390           0        125         1525        True       1525          0   \n",
              "776            0       1594         1614        True       1614          0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      LowQualFinSF  GrLivArea  BsmtFullBath  BsmtHalfBath  FullBath  HalfBath  \\\n",
              "1248             0       2058             0             0         1         1   \n",
              "75               0        988             1             0         1         0   \n",
              "486              0       1073             1             0         1         1   \n",
              "1390             0       1525             1             0         2         0   \n",
              "776              0       1614             0             0         2         0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      BedroomAbvGr  KitchenAbvGr  TotRmsAbvGrd  Fireplaces  GarageCars  \\\n",
              "1248             3             1             8           1           2   \n",
              "75               2             1             5           0           1   \n",
              "486              3             1             6           0           2   \n",
              "1390             3             1             6           0           2   \n",
              "776              3             1             7           0           3   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageArea  WoodDeckSF  OpenPorchSF  EnclosedPorch  _3SsnPorch  \\\n",
              "1248         396           0            0            259           0   \n",
              "75           297         120          101              0           0   \n",
              "486          515           0            0              0           0   \n",
              "1390         541         219           36              0           0   \n",
              "776          865         144           59              0           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      ScreenPorch  PoolArea  MiscVal  MSSubClass_120 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1248            0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "75              0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "486             0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "1390            0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "776             0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_160 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_180 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1248                            0                            0   \n",
              "75                              0                            0   \n",
              "486                             0                            0   \n",
              "1390                            0                            0   \n",
              "776                             0                            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_190 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_20 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1248                            0                           0   \n",
              "75                              0                           0   \n",
              "486                             0                           0   \n",
              "1390                            0                           0   \n",
              "776                             0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_30 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_40 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1248                           0                           0   \n",
              "75                             0                           0   \n",
              "486                            0                           0   \n",
              "1390                           0                           0   \n",
              "776                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_45 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_50 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1248                           0                           0   \n",
              "75                             0                           0   \n",
              "486                            0                           0   \n",
              "1390                           0                           0   \n",
              "776                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_60 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_70 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1248                           0                           0   \n",
              "75                             0                           0   \n",
              "486                            0                           0   \n",
              "1390                           0                           0   \n",
              "776                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_75 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_80 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1248                           0                           0   \n",
              "75                             0                           0   \n",
              "486                            0                           0   \n",
              "1390                           0                           0   \n",
              "776                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_85 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_90 (MSSubClass)  MSZoning_FV  \\\n",
              "1248                           0                           0            0   \n",
              "75                             0                           0            0   \n",
              "486                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "1390                           0                           0            0   \n",
              "776                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSZoning_RL  MSZoning_RM  Street_Grvl  ...  GarageFinish_NA  \\\n",
              "1248            0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "75              0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "486             0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "1390            0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "776             0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageFinish_RFn  GarageFinish_Unf  GarageQual_Ex  GarageQual_Fa  \\\n",
              "1248                 0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "75                   0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "486                  0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "1390                 0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "776                  0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageQual_Gd  GarageQual_NA  GarageQual_Po  GarageQual_TA  \\\n",
              "1248              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "75                0              0              0              0   \n",
              "486               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "1390              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "776               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageCond_Ex  GarageCond_Fa  GarageCond_Gd  GarageCond_NA  \\\n",
              "1248              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "75                0              0              0              0   \n",
              "486               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "1390              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "776               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageCond_Po  GarageCond_TA  PavedDrive_False  PavedDrive_True  \\\n",
              "1248              0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "75                0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "486               0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "1390              0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "776               0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      PavedDrive_Unknown  MoSold_1 (MoSold)  MoSold_10 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1248                   0                  0                   0   \n",
              "75                     0                  0                   0   \n",
              "486                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "1390                   0                  0                   0   \n",
              "776                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_11 (MoSold)  MoSold_12 (MoSold)  MoSold_2 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1248                   0                   0                  0   \n",
              "75                     0                   0                  0   \n",
              "486                    0                   0                  0   \n",
              "1390                   0                   0                  0   \n",
              "776                    0                   0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_3 (MoSold)  MoSold_4 (MoSold)  MoSold_5 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1248                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "75                    0                  0                  0   \n",
              "486                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "1390                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "776                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_6 (MoSold)  MoSold_7 (MoSold)  MoSold_8 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1248                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "75                    0                  0                  0   \n",
              "486                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "1390                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "776                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_9 (MoSold)  YrSold_2006 (YrSold)  YrSold_2007 (YrSold)  \\\n",
              "1248                  0                     0                     0   \n",
              "75                    0                     0                     0   \n",
              "486                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "1390                  0                     0                     0   \n",
              "776                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      YrSold_2008 (YrSold)  YrSold_2009 (YrSold)  YrSold_2010 (YrSold)  \\\n",
              "1248                     0                     0                     0   \n",
              "75                       0                     0                     0   \n",
              "486                      0                     0                     0   \n",
              "1390                     0                     0                     0   \n",
              "776                      0                     0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleType_COD  SaleType_CWD  SaleType_Con  SaleType_ConLD  \\\n",
              "1248             0             0             0               0   \n",
              "75               0             0             0               0   \n",
              "486              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "1390             0             0             0               0   \n",
              "776              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleType_ConLI  SaleType_ConLw  SaleType_New  SaleType_Oth  SaleType_WD  \\\n",
              "1248               0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "75                 0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "486                0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "1390               0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "776                0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleCondition_Abnorml  SaleCondition_AdjLand  SaleCondition_Alloca  \\\n",
              "1248                      0                      0                     0   \n",
              "75                        0                      0                     0   \n",
              "486                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "1390                      0                      0                     0   \n",
              "776                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleCondition_Family  SaleCondition_Normal  SaleCondition_Partial  \n",
              "1248                     0                     0                      0  \n",
              "75                       0                     0                      0  \n",
              "486                      0                     0                      0  \n",
              "1390                     0                     0                      0  \n",
              "776                      0                     0                      0  \n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 561 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 26
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "YjplDE_6fG0J",
        "outputId": "10f6190f-3697-4394-9f8d-331a9ba2c512"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Encoding categorical data\n",
        "temp = pd.get_dummies(X_test[cat_var])\n",
        "X_test = X_test.drop(cat_var, axis = 1)\n",
        "X_test = pd.concat([X_test, temp], axis = 1)\n",
        "\n",
        "# Add a missing column in test set with default value equal to 0\n",
        "for c in missing_cols_test:\n",
        "    X_test[c] = 0\n",
        "# Ensure the order of column in the test set is in the same order than in train set\n",
        "X_test = X_test[X_train.columns]\n",
        "X_test.head(5)"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": [
        {
          "output_type": "execute_result",
          "data": {
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              "  <thead>\n",
              "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
              "      <th></th>\n",
              "      <th>LotFrontage</th>\n",
              "      <th>LotArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallQual</th>\n",
              "      <th>OverallCond</th>\n",
              "      <th>MasVnrArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>BsmtFinSF1</th>\n",
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              "      <th>_2ndFlrSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>LowQualFinSF</th>\n",
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              "      <th>BsmtHalfBath</th>\n",
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              "      <th>BedroomAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>KitchenAbvGr</th>\n",
              "      <th>TotRmsAbvGrd</th>\n",
              "      <th>Fireplaces</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCars</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageArea</th>\n",
              "      <th>WoodDeckSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>OpenPorchSF</th>\n",
              "      <th>EnclosedPorch</th>\n",
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              "      <th>PoolArea</th>\n",
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              "      <th>MSSubClass_120 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_160 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_180 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_190 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_20 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_30 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_40 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
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              "      <th>MSSubClass_50 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_60 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_70 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_75 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_80 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_85 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSSubClass_90 (MSSubClass)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_FV</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_RL</th>\n",
              "      <th>MSZoning_RM</th>\n",
              "      <th>Street_Grvl</th>\n",
              "      <th>...</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_RFn</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageFinish_Unf</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Ex</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Fa</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Gd</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_Po</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageQual_TA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Ex</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Fa</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Gd</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_NA</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_Po</th>\n",
              "      <th>GarageCond_TA</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_False</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_True</th>\n",
              "      <th>PavedDrive_Unknown</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_1 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_10 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_11 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_12 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_2 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_3 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_4 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_5 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_6 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_7 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_8 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>MoSold_9 (MoSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2006 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2007 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2008 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2009 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>YrSold_2010 (YrSold)</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_COD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_CWD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_Con</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLI</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_ConLw</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_New</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_Oth</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleType_WD</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Abnorml</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_AdjLand</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Alloca</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Family</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Normal</th>\n",
              "      <th>SaleCondition_Partial</th>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </thead>\n",
              "  <tbody>\n",
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              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1375</td>\n",
              "      <td>1375</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>1414</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1414</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>6</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>398</td>\n",
              "      <td>144</td>\n",
              "      <td>20</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "    <tr>\n",
              "      <th>426</th>\n",
              "      <td>69.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>12800</td>\n",
              "      <td>7</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>145.00</td>\n",
              "      <td>1518</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1518</td>\n",
              "      <td>True</td>\n",
              "      <td>1644</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>1644</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>5</td>\n",
              "      <td>1</td>\n",
              "      <td>2</td>\n",
              "      <td>569</td>\n",
              "      <td>80</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>396</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>...</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "      <td>0</td>\n",
              "    </tr>\n",
              "  </tbody>\n",
              "</table>\n",
              "<p>5 rows × 561 columns</p>\n",
              "</div>"
            ],
            "text/plain": [
              "      LotFrontage  LotArea  OverallQual  OverallCond  MasVnrArea  BsmtFinSF1  \\\n",
              "1318        69.00    14781            8            5      178.00           0   \n",
              "494         50.00     5784            5            8        0.00           0   \n",
              "192         68.00     9017            7            5        0.00         560   \n",
              "465         69.00     3072            7            5       18.00           0   \n",
              "426         69.00    12800            7            5      145.00        1518   \n",
              "\n",
              "      BsmtFinSF2  BsmtUnfSF  TotalBsmtSF  CentralAir  _1stFlrSF  _2ndFlrSF  \\\n",
              "1318           0       1753         1753        True       1787          0   \n",
              "494            0        190          190        True        886          0   \n",
              "192            0        871         1431        True       1431          0   \n",
              "465            0       1375         1375        True       1414          0   \n",
              "426            0          0         1518        True       1644          0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      LowQualFinSF  GrLivArea  BsmtFullBath  BsmtHalfBath  FullBath  HalfBath  \\\n",
              "1318             0       1787             0             0         2         0   \n",
              "494              0        886             0             0         1         0   \n",
              "192              0       1431             1             0         2         0   \n",
              "465              0       1414             0             0         2         0   \n",
              "426              0       1644             1             1         2         0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      BedroomAbvGr  KitchenAbvGr  TotRmsAbvGrd  Fireplaces  GarageCars  \\\n",
              "1318             3             1             7           1           3   \n",
              "494              2             1             4           0           1   \n",
              "192              3             1             6           0           2   \n",
              "465              2             1             6           1           2   \n",
              "426              2             1             5           1           2   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageArea  WoodDeckSF  OpenPorchSF  EnclosedPorch  _3SsnPorch  \\\n",
              "1318         748         198          150              0           0   \n",
              "494          273         144           20             80           0   \n",
              "192          666           0           35              0           0   \n",
              "465          398         144           20              0           0   \n",
              "426          569          80            0              0           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      ScreenPorch  PoolArea  MiscVal  MSSubClass_120 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1318            0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "494             0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "192             0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "465             0         0        0                            0   \n",
              "426           396         0        0                            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_160 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_180 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1318                            0                            0   \n",
              "494                             0                            0   \n",
              "192                             0                            0   \n",
              "465                             0                            0   \n",
              "426                             0                            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_190 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_20 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1318                            0                           0   \n",
              "494                             0                           0   \n",
              "192                             0                           0   \n",
              "465                             0                           0   \n",
              "426                             0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_30 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_40 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1318                           0                           0   \n",
              "494                            0                           0   \n",
              "192                            0                           0   \n",
              "465                            0                           0   \n",
              "426                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_45 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_50 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1318                           0                           0   \n",
              "494                            0                           0   \n",
              "192                            0                           0   \n",
              "465                            0                           0   \n",
              "426                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_60 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_70 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1318                           0                           0   \n",
              "494                            0                           0   \n",
              "192                            0                           0   \n",
              "465                            0                           0   \n",
              "426                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_75 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_80 (MSSubClass)  \\\n",
              "1318                           0                           0   \n",
              "494                            0                           0   \n",
              "192                            0                           0   \n",
              "465                            0                           0   \n",
              "426                            0                           0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSSubClass_85 (MSSubClass)  MSSubClass_90 (MSSubClass)  MSZoning_FV  \\\n",
              "1318                           0                           0            0   \n",
              "494                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "192                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "465                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "426                            0                           0            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MSZoning_RL  MSZoning_RM  Street_Grvl  ...  GarageFinish_NA  \\\n",
              "1318            0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "494             0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "192             0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "465             0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "426             0            0            0  ...                0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageFinish_RFn  GarageFinish_Unf  GarageQual_Ex  GarageQual_Fa  \\\n",
              "1318                 0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "494                  0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "192                  0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "465                  0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "426                  0                 0              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageQual_Gd  GarageQual_NA  GarageQual_Po  GarageQual_TA  \\\n",
              "1318              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "494               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "192               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "465               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "426               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageCond_Ex  GarageCond_Fa  GarageCond_Gd  GarageCond_NA  \\\n",
              "1318              0              0              0              0   \n",
              "494               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "192               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "465               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "426               0              0              0              0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      GarageCond_Po  GarageCond_TA  PavedDrive_False  PavedDrive_True  \\\n",
              "1318              0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "494               0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "192               0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "465               0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "426               0              0                 0                0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      PavedDrive_Unknown  MoSold_1 (MoSold)  MoSold_10 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1318                   0                  0                   0   \n",
              "494                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "192                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "465                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "426                    0                  0                   0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_11 (MoSold)  MoSold_12 (MoSold)  MoSold_2 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1318                   0                   0                  0   \n",
              "494                    0                   0                  0   \n",
              "192                    0                   0                  0   \n",
              "465                    0                   0                  0   \n",
              "426                    0                   0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_3 (MoSold)  MoSold_4 (MoSold)  MoSold_5 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1318                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "494                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "192                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "465                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "426                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_6 (MoSold)  MoSold_7 (MoSold)  MoSold_8 (MoSold)  \\\n",
              "1318                  0                  0                  0   \n",
              "494                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "192                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "465                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "426                   0                  0                  0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      MoSold_9 (MoSold)  YrSold_2006 (YrSold)  YrSold_2007 (YrSold)  \\\n",
              "1318                  0                     0                     0   \n",
              "494                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "192                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "465                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "426                   0                     0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      YrSold_2008 (YrSold)  YrSold_2009 (YrSold)  YrSold_2010 (YrSold)  \\\n",
              "1318                     0                     0                     0   \n",
              "494                      0                     0                     0   \n",
              "192                      0                     0                     0   \n",
              "465                      0                     0                     0   \n",
              "426                      0                     0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleType_COD  SaleType_CWD  SaleType_Con  SaleType_ConLD  \\\n",
              "1318             0             0             0               0   \n",
              "494              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "192              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "465              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "426              0             0             0               0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleType_ConLI  SaleType_ConLw  SaleType_New  SaleType_Oth  SaleType_WD  \\\n",
              "1318               0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "494                0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "192                0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "465                0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "426                0               0             0             0            0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleCondition_Abnorml  SaleCondition_AdjLand  SaleCondition_Alloca  \\\n",
              "1318                      0                      0                     0   \n",
              "494                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "192                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "465                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "426                       0                      0                     0   \n",
              "\n",
              "      SaleCondition_Family  SaleCondition_Normal  SaleCondition_Partial  \n",
              "1318                     0                     0                      0  \n",
              "494                      0                     0                      0  \n",
              "192                      0                     0                      0  \n",
              "465                      0                     0                      0  \n",
              "426                      0                     0                      0  \n",
              "\n",
              "[5 rows x 561 columns]"
            ]
          },
          "metadata": {
            "tags": []
          },
          "execution_count": 27
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "dyAE79XufG0P"
      },
      "source": [
        "## **Feature scaling : numeric variables**\n",
        "\n",
        "Now that the dataset is split, the numeric feature column must be re-scaled. Rescaling of numeric features is extremely important. The numeric range of a feature should not determine how much that feature determines the training of the machine learning model.\n",
        "\n",
        "For example, consider a data set with two features, age in years, typically measured in a few tens, and income, typically measured in tens or hundreds of thousands. There is no reason to believe that income is more important than age in some model, simply because its range of values is greater. To prevent this problem numeric features are scaled to the same range.\n",
        "\n",
        "There are many possible scaling method which are:\n",
        " + Standard Scaler\n",
        " + MinMax Scaler\n",
        " + Robust Scaler\n",
        " + Normalizer\n",
        "\n",
        "**Standard Scaler**\n",
        "\n",
        "The Standard Scaler assumes your data is normally distributed within each feature and will scale them such that the distribution is now centred around 0, with a standard deviation of 1.\n",
        "\n",
        "The mean and standard deviation are calculated for the feature and then the feature is scaled based on:\n",
        "\n",
        "$$x\\_scaled_i = \\frac{\\big(x_i - \\mu \\big)}{\\sigma}$$\n",
        "\n",
        "where,\n",
        " + $\\mu $ is the mean of the variable $X$,\n",
        " + $\\sigma $ is the standard deviation of the variable $X$.\n",
        "\n",
        "If data is not normally distributed, this is not the best scaler to use.\n",
        "\n",
        "**MinMax Scaler**\n",
        "\n",
        "Another method is known as **Min-Max** normalization. The data are scaled using the following formula to be in the range $\\{ 0,1 \\}$:\n",
        "\n",
        "$$x\\_scaled_i = \\frac{(x_i - Min(x))}{(Max(x) - Min(x))}$$\n",
        "\n",
        "where,\n",
        "$x_i $ is the ith sample value,\n",
        "$Min(X) $ is the minimum value of all samples,\n",
        "$Max(X) $ is the maximum value of all samples.\n",
        "\n",
        "In general, Min-Max normalization is a good choice for cases where the value being scaled has a complex distribution. For example, a variable with a distribution with multiple modes might be a good candidate for Min-Max normalization. Notice that the presence of a few outliers can distort the result by giving unrepresentative values of $Min(X)$ or $Max(X)$."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "markdown",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "_TjvjarJfG0Q"
      },
      "source": [
        "The code in the cell below uses the `StandardScaler` function from the `sklearn.preprocessing` package. This function computes the scaling coefficients for the training data. The resulting transformation is then applied to the training and test data using the transform method.\n",
        "\n",
        "Notice that the scaling transform is computed only on the training data. The scaling transform should always be computed on the training data, not the test or evaluation data.\n",
        "\n",
        "Generally, a numeric label does not need to be scaled. Other transformations may be required, however."
      ]
    },
    {
      "cell_type": "code",
      "metadata": {
        "id": "6_U2faObfG0R"
      },
      "source": [
        "# Standard scaler\n",
        "from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler\n",
        "sc = StandardScaler()\n",
        "\n",
        "X_train[num_var] = sc.fit_transform(X_train[num_var])\n",
        "X_validation[num_var] = sc.transform(X_validation[num_var])\n",
        "X_test[num_var] = sc.transform(X_test[num_var])"
      ],
      "execution_count": null,
      "outputs": []
    }
  ]
}