pre-commit: Add Python type checking with `ty`

[cclauss]

This currently passes... # https://docs.astral.sh/ty

ty check \
    --ignore=invalid-argument-type \
    --ignore=invalid-assignment \
    --ignore=invalid-parameter-default \
    --ignore=invalid-return-type \
    --ignore=non-subscriptable \
    --ignore=possibly-missing-attribute \
    --ignore=unresolved-attribute \
    --ignore=unresolved-global \
    --ignore=unresolved-import \
    --ignore=unresolved-reference \
    --ignore=unsupported-operator \
    --output-format=concise

• pre-commit hook for ty astral-sh/ty#269