diff --git a/src/functions/create/handler.ts b/src/functions/create/handler.ts
index ac63f5d..030ab8b 100644
--- a/src/functions/create/handler.ts
+++ b/src/functions/create/handler.ts
@@ -7,6 +7,8 @@ import schema from './schema';
 import { MongoDB } from '../../util';
 import * as config from '../../config';
 
+import { validateEmail } from '../../helper';
+
 import * as path from 'path';
 import * as dotenv from 'dotenv';
 dotenv.config({ path: path.resolve(process.cwd(), '.env') });
@@ -25,6 +27,15 @@ const create: ValidatedEventAPIGatewayProxyEvent<typeof schema> = async (event)
   }
 
   const uEmail = event.body.email.toLowerCase();
+  if (!validateEmail(uEmail)) {
+    return {
+      statusCode: 403,
+      body: JSON.stringify({
+        statusCode: 403,
+        message: 'Improper Email format',
+      }),
+    };
+  }
   let password = event.body.password;
 
   try {
diff --git a/src/functions/update-buy-ins/handler.ts b/src/functions/update-buy-ins/handler.ts
index b047998..fa4f269 100644
--- a/src/functions/update-buy-ins/handler.ts
+++ b/src/functions/update-buy-ins/handler.ts
@@ -79,6 +79,32 @@ const updateBuyIns: ValidatedEventAPIGatewayProxyEvent<typeof schema> = async (e
       };
     }
 
+    //validate point update
+    for (const userBuyIn of userBuyInsSorted) {
+      const value = userBuyIn.buy_in;
+      if (value === '') userBuyIn.buy_in = 0;
+
+      const numVal = parseInt(value, 10);
+      if (Number.isNaN(numVal)) {
+        return {
+          statusCode: 403,
+          body: JSON.stringify({
+            statusCode: 403,
+            message: 'Requested point change is not a valid integer input',
+          }),
+        };
+      }
+      if (numVal >= 1000 || numVal <= -1000) {
+        return {
+          statusCode: 403,
+          body: JSON.stringify({
+            statusCode: 403,
+            message: 'Requested point change is not in a valid point range',
+          }),
+        };
+      }
+    }
+
     //update the buy_ins array
     await pointCollection.updateOne({ email: event.body.email }, { $set: { buy_ins: event.body.buy_ins } });
     return {
diff --git a/src/functions/update/handler.ts b/src/functions/update/handler.ts
index 2262233..c5e1c00 100644
--- a/src/functions/update/handler.ts
+++ b/src/functions/update/handler.ts
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import { middyfy } from '@libs/lambda';
 
 import schema from './schema';
 
+import { validateEmail } from '../../helper';
+
 import { MongoDB, validateToken, ensureRoles } from '../../util';
 import * as path from 'path';
 import * as dotenv from 'dotenv';
@@ -214,6 +216,9 @@ function validateUpdates(updates: Updates, registrationStatus?: string, user?: W
           return 'Missing required fields';
       } else return true;
     }
+
+    if ('email' in setUpdates) if (!validateEmail(setUpdates.email)) return 'Improper Email format';
+
     if (
       ['_id', 'password', 'discord', 'created_at', 'registered_at', 'email_verified'].some(
         (lockedProp) => lockedProp in setUpdates
diff --git a/src/helper.ts b/src/helper.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..eda2531
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/helper.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+export function validateEmail(email) {
+  const emailPattern = /^[^\s@]+@[^\s@]+\.[^\s@]+$/;
+  return emailPattern.test(email);
+}
diff --git a/tests/create.test.ts b/tests/create.test.ts
index f42b548..57de15e 100644
--- a/tests/create.test.ts
+++ b/tests/create.test.ts
@@ -48,6 +48,17 @@ describe('Create endpoint', () => {
     expect(res.statusCode).toBe(200);
     expect(JSON.parse(res.body).message).toBe('User created!');
   });
+  it('Email entry is invalid', async () => {
+    const mockEvent = createEvent({ email: 'notValidFormat', password: 'testPassword123' }, '/create', 'POST');
+
+    const mockCallback = jest.fn();
+
+    (bcrypt.hash as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue('hashedPassword');
+    const res = await main(mockEvent, mockContext, mockCallback);
+
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    expect(JSON.parse(res.body).message).toBe('Improper Email format');
+  });
   it('Registration time has passed', async () => {
     jest.useFakeTimers();
     jest.setSystemTime(new Date('01/01/2100'));
diff --git a/tests/update-buy-ins.test.ts b/tests/update-buy-ins.test.ts
index 39449e5..b54e04d 100644
--- a/tests/update-buy-ins.test.ts
+++ b/tests/update-buy-ins.test.ts
@@ -96,8 +96,45 @@ describe('Update-Buy-Ins tests', () => {
     expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
     expect(JSON.parse(result.body).message).toBe('Points distributed exceed user point total.');
   });
+  //case 5
+  it('non-numeric value entered for input', async () => {
+    findOneMock.mockReturnValueOnce({
+      email: userData.email,
+      total_points: 30,
+      balance: 2,
+      buy_ins: [
+        { prize_id: 'prize1', buy_in: 'random' },
+        { prize_id: 'prize2', buy_in: 20 },
+      ],
+    });
 
-  // case 5
+    const mockEvent = createEvent(userData, path, httpMethod);
+
+    const result = await main(mockEvent, mockContext, mockCallback);
+
+    expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    expect(JSON.parse(result.body).message).toBe('Requested point change is not a valid integer input');
+  });
+  // case 6
+  it('Buy-in points out of range', async () => {
+    findOneMock.mockReturnValueOnce({
+      email: userData.email,
+      total_points: 30,
+      balance: 2,
+      buy_ins: [
+        { prize_id: 'prize1', buy_in: 1500 },
+        { prize_id: 'prize2', buy_in: 20 },
+      ],
+    });
+
+    const mockEvent = createEvent(userData, path, httpMethod);
+
+    const result = await main(mockEvent, mockContext, mockCallback);
+
+    expect(result.statusCode).toBe(403);
+    expect(JSON.parse(result.body).message).toBe('Requested point change is not in a valid point range');
+  });
+  // case 7
   it('successfully update user point balance', async () => {
     findOneMock.mockReturnValueOnce({
       email: userData.email,
diff --git a/tests/update.test.ts b/tests/update.test.ts
index cf038e1..c77426b 100644
--- a/tests/update.test.ts
+++ b/tests/update.test.ts
@@ -261,6 +261,7 @@ describe('/update endpoint', () => {
         },
       },
     };
+
     jest.clearAllMocks();
     findOneMock.mockReturnValue({
       //successful update
@@ -298,4 +299,21 @@ describe('/update endpoint', () => {
     const res = await main(mockEvent, mockContext, mockCallback);
     expect(res.statusCode).toBe(200);
   });
+  //case 9
+  it('Invalid email format', async () => {
+    const completeUserData = {
+      user_email: 'test@test.org',
+      auth_email: 'testAuth@test.org',
+      auth_token: 'sampleAuthToken',
+      updates: {
+        $set: {
+          email: 'randomVal',
+        },
+      },
+    };
+    const mockEvent = createEvent(completeUserData, '/update', 'POST');
+    const res = await main(mockEvent, mockContext, mockCallback);
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
+    expect(JSON.parse(res.body).message).toBe('Improper Email format');
+  });
 });