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Repair manual Vectrex.lyx
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#LyX 2.3 created this file. For more info see http://www.lyx.org/
\lyxformat 544
\begin_document
\begin_header
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\begin_body
\begin_layout Title
\series bold
\size huge
Vectrex - Repair manual
\end_layout
\begin_layout Author
by Nicolas Weill
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
with the assistance of Flore Netter
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
Special thanks to Pascal, Jeremy and Gérald for their Vectrex
\begin_inset Newline newline
\end_inset
Review by the members of the MO5 association
\end_layout
\begin_layout Date
Reviewed on Mars 27, 2023
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset VSpace vfill
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
*Please send your comments, corrections or translation proposals on the
Github
\begin_inset CommandInset href
LatexCommand href
name "https://github.com/Guimli/Vectrex-Repair-Manual"
target "https://github.com/Guimli/Vectrex-Repair-Manual"
literal "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset ERT
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\backslash
thispagestyle{empty}
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset CommandInset toc
LatexCommand tableofcontents
\end_inset
\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Precaution
\end_layout
\begin_layout New Color Box Type
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Argument 2
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
cBoxB
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Argument 3
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
1
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\end_inset
\begin_inset Argument 4
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\end_layout
\end_inset
colback=white, colframe=red!75!black, title=#1
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Flex Custom Color Box 2
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
\begin_inset Argument 1
status open
\begin_layout Plain Layout
Electrical hazard
\end_layout
\end_inset
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/Electric-Shock.png
width 10text%
\end_inset
Vectrex consoles contain a cathode ray tube.
High voltages are present in the electronic equipment, even after the console
is turned off.
Do not handle a Vectrex without the specific electrical knowledge required.
\end_layout
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Recurring failure
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
No sound and no image
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Check the switch SW301.
This switch has been known to seize over the years.
It is then necessary to open the back, add some degreaser and activate
the contacts to diffuse the degreaser.
If necessary, use sandpaper on the contacts if you notice any oxidation.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Check fuse F101.
Replace the fuse if necessary.
If the fuse blows systematically, the most frequent cases of short circuit
are on components IC101 (LM340), IC102 (7905) and IC401 (LM379).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
No sound and white point
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
IC207 (PIA 6522) is the main cause of failures on the Vectrex console.
Replacing it is always the first operation to be done.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
The absence of sound indicates that the processor, ROM, RAM and PIA assembly
is not working properly.
If the PIA has already been replaced unsuccessfully, the most likely cause
is a corrupted IC201 ROM (2363).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Case of multiple failures: It is possible that several failures interfere
with the analysis.
For example, a partial failure of switch SW301 could interrupt the -13V
causing a white point.
And a failure of the audio amplifier IC103 (LM386) could cause an absence
of sound.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Presence of sound, but white point
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Check the presence of the voltages on J204 (+5V, -5V, -13V).
The absence of -13V generates a white point and may indicate a problem
with the switch SW301 or the zener diode DZ102.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
The most common cause of a white dot on the screen is a failure of IC207
(PIA 6522).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
There are many faults that can generate a white point.
Refer to the scope readings to correct image/white point problems.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
Other image problems
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Refer to the scope readings to correct image/white point problems.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Following a capacitor replacement: vector undulation, buzzing louder than
normal, main heatsink on the power supply board hotter than normal.
This problem can occur due to the lack of a metallized hole on the C404
and C411 capacitors.
Ensure that you have applied tin on both sides of the PCB for these capacitors.
Check the continuity between the Vectrex ground and the corresponding pin
of the capacitors.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
A rare but difficult to diagnose image problem may come from the J301 cable.
The contacts inside are crimped and not soldered.
It is therefore possible to see oxidation appear on the contacts or in
the cable-contact junction.
This problem is invisible from the outside and requires removing the contacts
from the cable for inspection.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Rare problem of image shifting during joystick movements: replace IC302
(CD4052D).
\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Repair methodologyn
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
An effective diagnostic approach is to divide the circuit into sections
and perform a dichotomy analysis.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Always start by checking the operation of switch SW301.
This may be partially defective.
The voltage levels will nevertheless be correct.
But only one of the two coils of the secondary of the transformer T102
will be operated, generating wear and overheating of several elements of
the power supply.
This will cause wear and tear and overheating of several elements of the
power supply, as well as a greater instability of the voltage levels.
This will cause the image to vibrate.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Check the voltage levels on connector J204.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
Check pins 3, 6, 9 and 10 of IC302 (4052B).
If the signals from these pins are incorrect, then the problem is in the
digital part of the LogicBoard (IC201 to IC208, IC301 and IC304).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Schematic
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
PowerBoard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset External
template PDFPages
filename Schematic/PowerBoard B&W.pdf
extra LaTeX "fitpaper"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
LogicBoard
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset External
template PDFPages
filename Schematic/LogicBoard 3GE B&W.pdf
extra LaTeX "fitpaper"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
CRT Board
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset External
template PDFPages
filename Schematic/CRTBoard B&W.pdf
extra LaTeX "fitpaper"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Section
Oscilloscope Readings
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Oscilloscope readings are sorted by component ID.
Refer to the Diagnostic Methodology chapter for ...(to be done/in progress)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
IC201 - 2363
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "IC201"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Description: Internal ROM containing the initialization program of the Vectrex,
as well as the Minestorm game.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
A corruption of the ROM can be detected by a regular reset of the processor
as in the oscilloscope reading below corresponding to one of the address
pins of the processor:
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC201/Dead ROM.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 29bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\begin_inset VSpace defskip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
It is necessary to have another ROM already programmed to replace IC201.
It is possible to replace the ROM with an EPROM of type 27C64.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Reading the ROM content in a compatible programmer must return checksum
7931, B796 or 7ADB.
The different ROM versions are interchangeable in the different Vectrex
versions.
The most recent version, and therefore to be preferred, is the version
whose checksum is 7ADB.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 1 (VPP)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Programming voltage.
Connected to +5V logic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 2 to 10, 21, 23, 24,25 (A0 to A12)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC206
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC206 8-21"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 11 to 13 and 15 to 19 (D0 to D7)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC206
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC206 24-31"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 14 (GND)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Logical mass, 0V.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 20 (
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{ChipEnable}}$
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC202
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC202 6"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 22 (
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{OutputEnable}}$
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC202
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC202 8"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 27 (
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{PGM}}$
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Used to program the PROM in the factory.
Connected to +5V logic.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 28 (VCC)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Power supply, +5V logic.
\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
IC202 - 74LS00
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Description: Quadruple NAND gate
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 1 et 2 (Gate 1 input - Enable)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Pins 1 & 2 are connected to pin 34 of the IC206 processor (pin Enable).
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC206
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC206 34"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 3 (Gate 1 output -
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{Enable}}$
\end_inset
)
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "IC202 3"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC202/pin3.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 29bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
If there is no signal, check pins 1 and 2 of IC202.
If the signals are correct, replace IC202.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 4 et 5 (Gate 2 input - A14 et A15)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC206
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC206 22-23"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 6 (Gate 2 output -
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{ROMS}}$
\end_inset
)
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "IC202 6"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
This pin is connected to the OE (Output Enable) pin of the IC201 ROM.
It should always be at a voltage level of 0V unless you are using a game
cartridge.
If this is not the case, check pins 4 and 5 of IC202.
Replace IC202 if necessary.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 7 (GND)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Ground, 0V
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 8 (Gate 3 output -
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{ROMOE}}$
\end_inset
)
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "IC202 8"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC202/pin8.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 29bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
If there is no signal, check the signal on pins 9 & 10 of IC202.
If the signal on pins 9 & 10 is correct, replace IC202.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 9 (Gate 3 input - Enable)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC206
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC206 34"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
in 9 is connected to pin 34 of the IC206 processor (Enable pin).
A lack of signal on this pin indicates a problem with the processor.
Check R216, XTAL201, and replace the IC206 processor if necessary.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 10 (Gate 3 input - A13)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC202/pin10.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 29bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
If there is no signal, check the operation of IC206 and IC201.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 11 (Gate 4 output)
\begin_inset CommandInset label
LatexCommand label
name "IC202 11"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC202/pin11.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 25bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
If there is no signal, check the signal on pins 12 & 13 of IC202.
If the signal on pins 12 & 13 is correct, replace IC202.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 12 (Gate 4 input - A11)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC202/pin12.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 29bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
If there is no signal, check the operation of IC206 and IC201
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 13 (Gate 4 input - Enable)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC206
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC206 34"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 14 (VCC)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
Power supply +5V DC.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Newpage pagebreak
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsection
IC203 - 74LS32
\end_layout
\begin_layout Description
Description: Quadruple gate OR
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 1 (Gate 1 input -
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{Enable}}$
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC202
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC202 3"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 2 (Gate 1 input - A15)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC203/pin2.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 29bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
If there is no signal, check the operation of IC206 and IC201.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 3 (Gate 1 output -
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{CARTS}}$
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
\begin_inset Graphics
filename Images/IC203/pin3.bmp
width 100text%
BoundingBox 29bp 81bp 532bp 484bp
clip
\end_inset
\end_layout
\begin_layout Itemize
If there is no signal, check the signal on pins 1 & 2 of IC203.
If the signal on pins 1 & 2 is correct, replace IC203.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 4 (Gate 2 input - R
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{W}}$
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC206
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC206 32"
plural "false"
caps "false"
noprefix "false"
\end_inset
.
\end_layout
\begin_layout Subsubsection
Pin 5 (Gate 2 input -
\begin_inset Formula $\overline{\textrm{RAMS}}$
\end_inset
)
\end_layout
\begin_layout Standard
See IC203
\begin_inset CommandInset ref
LatexCommand nameref
reference "IC203 8"
plural "false"