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Vim Note

  • expression syntax, @
  • Ex command special char: %, :t
  • Why subprocess.run(['echo', '"a"']): \a" rather than "a"
    • Env:
      • Python 3 on Windows 10 x64
      • C:\cygwin64\bin\echo is the first hit in Path
  • What is happening after :term COMMAND, :term++shell COMMAND or :!COMMAND in vim?
    • Particularly, what are vim.exe, vimrun.exe, ntoskrnl.exe, pwsh.exe, echo doing to the meta chars?
    • Env:
      • GVim x64 and Python 3 x64 on Windows 10 x64
      • set shell=pwsh.exe\ -NoLogo in ~/.vimrc
      • C:\cygwin64\bin\echo is the first hit in Path
    • Phenomenon:
      • Using subprocess.run to emulate CreateProcessW
      • :term echo "a": a rather than "a". Why?
        • run(["echo", "\"a\""]): "a"
      • :term "echo a": CreateProcess failed. Which explanation is correct?
        • run(["\"echo", "a\""]): CreateProcess failed
        • run(["\"echo a\""]): CreateProcess failed
        • run(["echo a"]): CreateProcess failed
      • :term++shell "echo a": a rather than echo a. Why?
        • run(["pwsh.exe", "-NoLogo", "-c", "\"echo a\""]): echo a
        • run(["pwsh.exe", "-NoLogo", "-c", "\"echo", "a\""]): echo a
      • :term++shell ""echo a"": a rather than ParserError. Why?
        • run(["pwsh.exe", "-NoLogo", "-c", "\"\"echo a\"\""]): ParserError: ...
      • :!?: pwsh.exe -NoLogo -c "?"... rather than CreateProcess failed. Why?
        • run(["?"]): CreateProcess failed
  • To Learn
    • Vim Manual: :h doc-file-list
      • Basic
        • quickref.txt
        • tutor.txt
        • copying.txt
        • iccf.txt
        • sponsor.txt
        • www.txt
        • bugs.txt
      • User: :h user-manual
        • Particularly Worthy: usr_02.txt, usr_41.txt
      • Reference: :h reference_toc
    • Vim Chinese Manual
    • Subject
      • Argument List

1. CLI

  • [g]vim [ARGUMENTS] [FILES]: Edit files
  • [g]vim [ARGUMENTS] -: Read text from stdin
  • [g]vim [ARGUMENTS] -t TAG: Edit file which defined TAG
  • [g]vim [ARGUMENTS] -q [ERRORFILE]: Edit file with first error
  • Argument
    • -c COMMAND: Execute COMMAND before loading vimrc
    • --cmd COMMAND: Execute COMMAND after loading the first file
    • -S SESSION: Source file SESSION after loading the first file
    • -s SCRIPTIN: Read Normal mode commands from file SCRIPTIN
    • -p[NUM]: Open NUM tabs (pages)
    • -o[NUM]: Open NUM windows
    • -O[NUM]: Open NUM windows vertically
    • -t TAG: Edit TAG definition
    • -q [ERROR_CONFIG]: Edit first error

2. Start

  • Start: vim <FileDir>
  • Edit File: :e <FileDir>
  • View File: :vie[w] <FileDir>

3. Set

  • Start up script: ~/.vimrc

4. Move

  • Basic
    • Left: h
    • Right: l
    • Up: k
    • Down: j
    • Last non-blank character of current line: g_
    • <Number><Space>: <Number> Character Forward
  • Line
    • First line: gg
    • Last line: G
    • Specified line: <Number>G, :<Number>
    • Line Forward: <Number><Enter>
  • g: Go to
    • d: Definition of word under cursor
  • Mark
    • Last mark: ``, ''
  • Search
    • Next Match: n
    • Previous Match: N
  • Word Search: Search current word
    • Next Match: *
    • Previous Match: #
  • Bracket: Move to paired bracket: %
  • Window
    • <C-w><C-w>: Jump to another window
  • Jump
    • :ju[mps]: List and Jump
    • Tag: Identifier
      • |<Tag>|: Refer
      • *<Tag>*: Define
      • Other Way
    • <C-]>: Jump to the definition of tag under the cursor
    • <C-t>: Jump to [count] older entry in the tag (default 1)
    • <C-t>, <C-o>: Jump back
    • <C-i>: Jump forward
  • Window
    • Whole Page
      • Forward: <C-f>
      • Backward: <C-b>
    • Half Page
      • Down: <C-d>
      • Up: <C-u>
    • Line
      • Down: <C-e>
      • Up: <C-y>
    • Move current line to (without moving cursor)
      • Top: z<Enter>, zt
      • Center: z., zz
      • Bottum: z-, zb
    • Move <Number> line to
      • Top: <Number>z<Enter>
      • Center: <Number>z.
      • Bottum: <Number>z-
    • Move cursor to
      • High: H
      • Middle: M
      • Low: L

5. Mode

  • Exit to Normal Mode or Cancel a partially completed command: <ESC>
  • Insert: i
    • In insert mode
      • Use <BackSpace> to delete character

6. Exit

  • Exit: :q
  • Exit all: :qa
  • Force Exit: :q!
  • Force Exit all: :qa!

7. Command

  • Command Element
    • Number
    • Operator
      • d: Delete and store to register
      • c: Change and store to register
      • y: Yank (copy)
    • Motion
      • <Number><Motion>: Repeat <Motion> for <Number> times
      • <Number>: <Number> lines forward
      • w: Until the start of the next word, EXCLUDING its first character.
      • W: Until the start of the next WORD, EXCLUDING its first character.
      • e: To the end of the current word, INCLUDING the last character.
      • E: To the end of the current WORD, INCLUDING the last character.
      • b: To the start of the last word, EXCLUDING its first character.
      • B: To the start of the last WORD, EXCLUDING its first character.
      • $: To the end of the line, INCLUDING the last character.
      • 0: To the start of the line
      • ^: To the first word's first character of current line
      • H: To Top line's First Character of screen
      • M: To Middle line's First Character of screen
      • L: To Last line's First Character of screen
      • gg: To First line of file
      • G: To Last line of file
      • <Number>G: To <Number> line of file
      • <Number><Space>: To <Number> Characters Forward
      • t<Character>: To <Character> in line, EXCLUDE
      • T<Character>: Reversely to <Character> in line, EXCLUDE
      • f<Character>: To <Character> in line, INCLUDE
      • F<Character>: Reversely to <Character> in line, INCLUDE
      • ;: Repeat last ftFT
      • ,: Reversely repeat last ftFT
      • /<Pattern>: To next <Pattern>'s match
      • Block
        • Sentence
          • (: To the beginning of the last sentence
          • ): To the beginning of the next sentence
        • Paragraph
          • {: To the beginning of the last paragraph
          • }: To the beginning of the next paragraph
      • Paired Item: %
        • Bracket: (), [], {}
        • Comment: /**/
      • Go to marks: `, '
    • Option
      • no<Option> Reverse option
      • ic Ignore Case
      • hls Highlight Search
      • is Incsearch
  • <Motion>: Move cursor with <Motion>
  • <Operator><Motion>: Operate <Operator> on <Motion>
  • <Number><Command>: Repeat <Command> for <Number> times
  • .: Repeat last command
  • :sh[ell]: Open a shell
  • :!<ShellCommand>: Execute a shell command
    • %: Expanded to current file name
    • %:r, %<: Expanded to current file main name
  • :set <Option>[ <Option>]...: Set a option for current session
  • Wrap Action
    • <Action>i<Object>: Do <Action> In <Object>, Exclude Border
    • <Action>a<Object>: Do <Action> A <Object>, Include Border
    • <Action>
      • c: Change and store
      • d: Delete and store
      • y: Yank
      • v: Visual select
    • <Object>
      • <Number><Object>: Expande <Number> times
      • w: word
        • Natual Language word
      • W: WORD
        • None-Bland char sequence
      • s: Sentence
        • Split by [.!?][)]"']*\s
      • p: Paragraph
        • Split by \r\r (Empty Line)
      • t: (HTML) Tag
        • E.g.: <DL> ... </DL>
      • <Character>: Border
  • Block Action: <C-v>
    • Enter Block Mode: <C-v>
    • Use <Motion> to select
    • Action
      • I: Insert after current character
      • A: Append after current character
      • x, d: Delete selected character
      • D: Delete selected lines
  • dd Delete: Delete the line and store it in a vim register
  • i Insert
  • I Insert Before current line's first non-blank character
  • r<Character> Replace current character with <Character>
  • R Replace
  • a Append: Append after cursor
  • A Append: Append after line
  • u Undo: Undo last command
  • U Undo: Reset the line
  • o Open: Open line below and insert
  • O Open: Open line before and insert
  • <C-r>: Redo the last undo
  • p: Put the content of the register
    • (Default) after the cursor
    • (If the register contains a line) to a new line after
  • ]p: Indented p
  • P: Put the content of the register
    • (Default) Before the cursor
    • (If the register contains a line) to a new line before
  • ]P, [p, [P: Indented P
  • r<Character>: Replace the character with <Character>
  • <C-g>: Show your location in the file and the file status
  • :w[ <FileDir>] Write: Save changes (To specific file)
    • :<Number>,<Number> w <FileDir> Write: Write <Number> line to <Number> line to <FileDir>
  • ZZ: Save if needed and quit
  • :sav[eas] <FileDir> Save: Save buffer content to specific file
  • v<Motion><Command> Visual: Visual select text with <Motion> and execute <Command> on it
  • J: Join Current Line and next Line
  • >, <: Increase, Decrease Indent
  • =: Auto Indent
  • :r <FileDir> Retrieve: Insert content of <FileDir> to the next line
  • :r !<ShellCommand>: Insert output of <ShellCommand> to the next line
  • <C-d>: Command-Line promopt
  • <Tab>: Command-Line Complete
  • <Up>, <Down>: Command-Line History
  • :history: Get Command History
  • gU: Trans to Upper Case
  • gu: Trans to Lower Case
  • <C-n>, <C-p>: Insert Mode Completion

8. Edit

  • Delete Line: dd, :d
  • Delete Character: x
  • Delete Last Character: X

9. Copy

  • Copy current line: yy, Y

10. Paste

  • Paste: p

11. Change

  • Increase number: <C-a>
  • Decrease number: <C-x>
  • :[RANGE]sor[t][!] [b|o|n|o|x][i][r][u] [/PATTERN/]
    • Range: Default to %
    • !: Reverse order
    • Order
      • b: Binary order
      • o: Octal order
      • n: Decimal order
      • x: Hexadecimal order: 0x, 0X
      • f: Float order
    • Switch
      • i: Ignore case
      • u: Unique: Keep first occurrence of lines with the same rank only
      • r: Sort within the pattern match
        • Default: Sort after the pattern match
    • Pattern: Default to ^
      • If given, unmatched lines will be sort out as a dedicated group in the current/reversed order before matched lines
      • // for last search pattern

12. Indent

  • Increase Indent: >
  • Decrease Indent: <
  • Auto Indent: =

13. Window

  • 纵向分隔: :sp <filename>
  • 横向分隔: :vs <filename>
  • 横向分隔并创建空Buffer: <C-w>n
  • 切换窗口: <C-w>->[hjkl] 或 <C-w><C-w>
  • Size
    • <C-w>=: Reset Size
    • <C-w>+, <C-w>-: Increase, Decreade Horizon Size
    • <C-w>>, <C-w><, :vert<C-w>+, :vert<C-w>-: Increase, Decreade Vert Size
    • <C-w>_: Max Verticle
    • <C-w>|: Max Horizen

14. Fold

  • Set: set foldmethod=manual
  • Fold: zf<Motion>
    • Fold Brace: zfa{
  • zM: Fold All (More)
  • zR: Unfold All (Reduce)
  • zm: Fold One Level (More)
  • zr: Unfold One Level (Reduce)
  • Fold / Defold: za
  • Save Fold: :mkvie[w]
  • Load Fold: :lo, :loadview

15. Search

  • <Pattern>
    • Perl-like with eregex.vim
    • Meta Character
      • \: Escape meta character to normal character
      • .: Any character EXCEPT \n
      • \_.: Any Character INCLUDE \n
      • *: 前一个字符任意次
      • \{-}: 厌恶匹配前一个字符任意次
      • \+: 前一个字符一到多次
      • \=: 前一个字符零或一次
      • \{<Number>,<Number>}: 前一个字符 <Number> 到 <Number> 次
        • 下限省略则为0
        • 上限省略则为正无穷
      • \{-<Number>, <Number>}: 厌恶匹配前一个字符 <Number> 到 <Number> 次
      • \{<Number>}: 前一个字符 <Number> 次
      • \(, \): 用于设置捕获组
      • \|: 或
      • \&: 且, 只有两个模式都匹配时才匹配, 且匹配后一个模式
      • [, ]: 设置字符组
        • [abc]: 普通字符组
        • [a-z], [0-9]: 范围字符组
          • 若字符组需要包含-字符, 则应将其放在字符组之首或尾
        • [^a-z]: 反向字符组
      • \_[]: 换行符或字符组
      • \a: 大小写字母
      • \_a: 换行符或大小写字母
      • \d: 数字
      • \_d: 换行符或数字
      • \D: 非数字
      • \x: 大小写十六进制数符
      • \X: 非大小写十六进制数符
      • \s: 空白符
      • \_s: 换行符或空格符
      • \S: 非空白符
      • \l: 小写字母
      • \L: 非小写字母
      • \u: 大写字母
      • \U: 非大写字母
      • \h: [A-Za-z_]
      • \w: [0-9A-Za-z_]
      • \f: 合法文件名字符
        • Option isfname 决定
      • \F: 非数字合法文件名字符
      • \i: 合法标识符字符
        • Option isident 决定
      • \I: 非数字合法标识符字符
      • \k: 关键词字符
        • Option iskeyword 决定
      • \K: 非数字关键词字符
      • \f: Filename char
      • \F: Non-digits filename char
      • \p: 可打印字符
        • Option isprint 决定
      • \P: 非数字可打印字符
      • \e: Esc
      • \t: Tab
      • \r: CR
      • \b: BS
      • %
      • /: Border
      • ?
      • ~
      • \n: 换行符
      • ^: Begining of line
      • $: End of line
      • \<: Begining of word
      • \>: End of word
      • \@=: 先行零宽正向匹配前一个字符 (匹配元), \(<Pattern>\)\@= 相当于 (?=<Pattern>)
      • \@<=: 后行零宽正向匹配前一个字符 (匹配元), \(<Pattern>\)\@<= 相当于 (?<=<Pattern>)
      • \@!: 先行零宽反向匹配前一个字符 (匹配元), \(<Pattern>\)\@! 相当于 (?!<Pattern>)
      • \@<!: 后行零宽反向匹配前一个字符 (匹配元), \(<Pattern>\)\@<! 相当于 (?<!<Pattern>)
      • \c: Ingore Case
      • \C: With Case
      • \%^: Start of the file/string
      • \%$: End of the file/string
      • \%V: Position inside the Visual area
      • \%#: Position of cursor
      • \%'MARK: Position of mark
      • \%<'MARK: Position before mark
      • \%>'MARK: Position after mark
      • \%NUMl: Position in NUM line
      • \%<NUMl: Position before NUM line
      • \%>NUMl: Position after NUM line
      • \%NUMc: Position in NUM column
      • \%<NUMc: Position before NUM column
      • \%>NUMc: Position after NUM column
      • \%NUMv: Position in NUM virtual column
      • \%<NUMv: Position before NUM virtual column
      • \%>NUMv: Position after NUM virtual column
      • \m: Magic On
      • \M: Magic Off
      • \v: Very Magic (Not recomended) (Perl-like)
      • \V: Very NoMagic
  • Search: /<Pattern>
    • IgnoreCase: /<Pattern>\c
    • WithCase: /<Pattern>\C
    • Next Match: n
    • Previous Match: N
  • Reverse Search: ?<Pattern>
  • Search Times: /<Pattern>/<Number> Search and locate cursor to <Number> lines after match
    • <Number> 可正可负
  • Repeat Search: /
  • Search Current word
    • Next Match: *
    • Previous Match: #
    • With partly match: g*, g#
  • Cancel Highlight of Last Search: :noh, :nohls

16. Substitute

  • py3 import re, :py3do return re.sub(r'PCRE', 'REPLACEMENT', line)
  • :[<EffectRange>]S/<Pattern>/<NewContent>/[<Flag>]...
    • Pettern: Perl-like
  • :[<EffectRange>]s/<Pattern>/<NewContent>/[<Flag>]...
    • EffectRange
      • Empty (Default): Current line
      • %: Current file
      • <Number>,<Number>: From <Number> line to <Number> line
      • <Number,$: From <Number> line to the last line of file
      • .,<Number>: From . current line to relatively <Number> lines. <Number> can be both positive and negative.
    • Pattern: Vim-like
    • Content
      • \<Number>: Use Catch Team
    • Flag
      • Empty (Default): Substitute first match in the line from cursor
      • g Global: Substitute all matchs in the line from cursor
      • c Confirm: Ask for comfirm for every subsitute
      • i Search Ignore Case
      • I Search Case sensitive
  • <Visual>:s/<Pattern>/<NewContent>/[<Flag>]...: Substitute in visual selection
  • :perldo s/<Pattern>/<Content>/[<Flag>...]
    • <Pattern>: Perl-like

17. Macro

  • Recording
    • Start: q<MacroKey>
    • Stop: q
  • Call
    • Call : @<MacroKey>
    • Call last recorded macro: @@

18. Save

  • Save: :w
  • Save and quit: :wq

19. Help

  • Help: <F1> or :h[elp]
  • Help for <Subject>: :h[elp] [<Prepend>]<Subject>
    • Prepend
      • Empty: Normal mode command
      • v_: Visual mode command
      • i_: Insert mode command
      • :: Command-line command
      • c_: Command-line editing
      • ': Option
      • /: Regular exression
    • Subject
      • CTRL-X

20. Fold

  • zf<Motion>, <Visual>zf: 创建折叠区并折叠
  • za: 开关折叠

21. File

  • :e: Reload current file
  • :n, :bn, <C-^>: Next File of Argument List
  • :N, :bp: Previous File of Argument List
  • :vert sf <FileDir>: Vertically Split window with Finding file
  • :vert sp <FileDir>: Vertically SPlit window with editing file
  • :e[dit]: Edit (Reload) file
  • :set f[ile]t[ype]=<FileType>: Set the file type manually
  • :set fileencoding: Get current file encoding
  • :set fileencoding=ENCODING: Transfer file encoding to ENCODING
  • :[vert[ical] ][RANGE]ter[minal][OPTIONS] [COMMAND]: Terminal (Output) Buffer Split
    • RANGE: Lines of current buffer will be inputed
    • OPTIONS
      • ++shell: Use shell instead of executable
        • Use quotes to indicate command with spaces: :term++shell "COMMAND"
        • Usage with shell and quotes: :term++shell "git add .; git commit -m \"MESSAGE\"; git push REMOTE BRANCH"
    • COMMAND
      • %: Current File Name
        • %:r: Current File Name without Extension Name
        • \%: Literal %

22. Buffer

  • Buffer is in-memory file
  • State
    • Active
      • Loaded and Displayed
    • Hidden
      • Loaded and Not Displayed
    • Inactive
      • Not Loaded and Not Displayed
      • Used to save buffer option, mark, ...
  • Number
    • Each buffer has a unip number in Session
    • Will not change within a Vim Session
  • :buffers: List buffers
  • :e[dit] FILE: Create a new buffer with FILE
  • :b[uffer] FILE: Swith buffer viewed by current window

23. Window

  • Buffer is in-memory file

  • Window is buffer viewport

  • Tab Page is window collection

  • ID

    • Each window has a unique ID in Session
    • Will not change within a Vim Session

  • Number

    • Each window has a unique ID in Tab
    • May change when window opend or closed

  • Starting Window

    • Default: One Emty Window
    • vim -o(<Number>)? <File>( <File>)*
      • Open a horizontal window for each file
      • If <Number> given: Open <Number> window
    • vim -O(<Number>)? <File>( <File>)*
      • Open a vertical window for each file
      • If <Number> given: Open <Number> window

  • Open Window

    • <C-w>s, :<Height>?sp[lit] [file]
    • <C-w>v, :<Width>?vs[plit] [file]
      • Split current window in two horizonly or vertically
      • If file is not given, result is two window on the same file
      • If file is given, it will be open in the new window
      • :sv[iew] {file}: Split and view
      • :sf[ind] {file}: Split and find
    • <C-w>n, :<Height>?new <File>?, :<Width>?vne[w] <File>?
      • Create a new window with a file
    • :<Height>?sf[ind] <File>, :vert sf[ind] <File>
      • Find <File> and Split
    • :[vert ]sb[uffer] (<BufferID>|<BufferName>)
      • Split with buffer
    • :vert[ical] <Command>
      • Execute <Command> with all split vertically
    • <C-w><C-^>, <C-w>^: Split and edit next buffer file

  • Close Window

    • :q[uit]
      • Quit current window
    • :hid[e]
      • Quit current window and Hide current buffer if possible

  • Moving Cursor

    • <C-w>(j|k|h|l)
    • <C-w><C-w>: To another window

  • Moving Window

    • <C-w>(J|K|H|L)
    • <C-w>T
      • To a new Tab Page

  • <C-w>=: Resize all windows to the same size

  • <C-w>o: Make current window the only window

24. Tab (Page)

  • Tab Page is window collection

25. Mark

  • m<Character>: Mark current location as <Character>
    • ': Last Jump
    • ": Last Edit
    • [: Start of Last Change
    • ]: End of Last Change
    • a-z: Valid within one file
    • A-Z
      • File Mark, Book Mark
      • Valid between files
      • Kept in .viminfo
    • 0-9: Set from .viminfo
  • ``, '`: Jump to `` Mark
  • ``: Jump to last Mark
  • :marks( <Char>...)?: List marks
  • delm[arks] <Character>...: Delete marks

26. Register

  • For Text Storage
  • Registers
    • Default Registers
      • "
        • Default register used by d, c, s, x, y whether or not a specific register was used (except when _ register was indicated)
        • Contains the same contents as last used register (if indicated and not _)
      • 0-9: Default yank, delete, change registers
        • 0
          • Default yank register when not indicating specific register
        • 1
          • Default delete and change register when not indicating specific register
          • Register deletion or change more than one line
        • 2-9
          • Delete stack
          • With each successive deletion or change, Vim shifts the previous contents of register 1 into register 2, 2 into 3, and so forth, losing the previous contens of register 9
      • -:
        • Default small delete and change register when not indicating specific register
        • Register deletion and change within one
    • User Registers: a-z
      • Only used when specificed
      • Lowercase to replace
      • Uppercase to append
    • Read-only Registers
      • .: Last inserted text
      • %: Name of current file
      • :: Last command
        • E.g.: @:: Repeat last command
    • Expression Register: =
      • Evaluate expression and store the result as string
      • E.g.: At Insert / Command Mode: <C-r>=<Expression>: Insert the value of <Expression>
    • Selection and Drop Registers
      • *: POSIX system clipboard and Windows system clipboard
      • +: POSIX mouse highlight clipboard and Windows system clipboard
    • _
      • Black hole register
      • When writing to it, nothing happens
        • Used to delete taxt without addexting the normal registers
      • When reading from it, return ""
    • /
      • Last search pattern register
  • Access register: "<Register><Command>
    • The <Command> will use given register
    • E.g.:
      • "ayy: Yank current line into register a
      • "Ayy: Yank current line into the end of register a, which means appends after original contents of register a
      • "ap: Past register a's content
  • <C-r><Register>: Paste content of register at insert or command mode
  • Set value of register: :let @<Register> = "<Content>"
  • List Registers: :reg, :di
  • q<Register>: Record macro into <Register>
  • q: Stop recording
  • @<Register>: Execute content of register
  • @@: Repeat last @<Register>
  • :@<Register>: Execute content of register as an EX command
  • :@, :@@: Repeat last :@<Register>

27. Key Map

  • Leader Key: Default: \
  • Map
    • :map <Origin> <Target>: Map <Origin> to <Target>
    • :no[remap] <Origin> <Target>: Map <Origin> to <Target> and disallow mapping from <Target> to avoid nested mapping.

28. Perl

  • :<Range>?perldo <PerlStatement>
    • Excute <PerlStatement> for each line in <Range>
    • Default <Range>: %
  • Substitute with PCRE: :<Range>?perldo? s/<TargetPattern>/<Replacement>/g?

29. Python

在文件中编写处理函数:

def process(line, linenr) -> str:
    # ...

在VIM中调用:

:py3f process.py
:.,$py3do return process(line, linenr)
  • Each instance of vim maintain a python interpreter
    • Have consistent context
  • EffectRange
    • Empty (Default), %: Current file
    • <Number>,<Number>: From <Number> line to <Number> line
    • <Number>,$: From <Number> line to the last line of file
    • .,<Number>: From . current line to relatively <Number> lines. <Number> can be both positive and negative.

29.1. Excute

  • Excute Single Line: :<Range>?py(?:thon)?3 <Statement>
    • Execute <Statement> with "current range" set to <Range>
    • Default <Range>: %
  • Excute Multiple Line:
:<Range>py(?:thon)?3 << <EndMarker>
<Python Script>
<EndMarker>
- Execute `<Python Script>` with "current range" set to `<Range>`
- Default `<Range>`: `%`
- Default `<EndMarker>`: `.`
  • Excute File: :<Range>?py3f(?:ile)? <FileDir>
    • Execute Python script in <FileDir> with "current range" set to <Range>
    • Default <Range>: %
    • Excute File with argument:
:py3 sys.argv = ['<Arg>', ...]
:py3f <FileDir>

29.2. Edit

  • :<Range>py3do <Body>
    • Execute code block as follow for each line in <Range> with "current range" set to <Range>
def _vim_py3do(line, linenr):
    <Body>
_vim_py3do(line, linenr)
    - Default `<Range>`: `%`
    - Function Argument
        - `line`: Text of each line without trailing `<EOL>`
        - `linenr`: Current line number
    - Return Value of `_vim_py3do(line, linenr)`
        - Should be `str` or `None`
        - If `str` returned, it becomes the text of current line
- E.g.:
    - `:py3do return line.replace(r'<Pattern>', r'<Replacement>')`

:py3 <<
def <Function>():
    # ...
.
:py3do return <Function>()

29.3. Vim Module

  • Python access vim via the vim module
  • Import before using: import vim

29.3.1. Method

29.3.1.1. command()
  • None command(<Command>: str)
    • Execute :<Command> in Execution Mode
  • None command(r'normal <Command>': str)
    • Execute :<Command> in Normal Mode
29.3.1.2. eval()
  • eval(expression: str) -> (str|list|dict)
  • Evaluate expression string with vim internal expression evaluator and return the result
    • List and Dict are recursively expanded when eval
  • Return
    • str: If eval to string or number
    • list: If eval to Vim List
    • dict: If eval to Vim Dict

29.3.2. Constant

29.3.2.1. buffers
  • Sequence of vim buffer objects
29.3.2.2. windows
  • Sequence of vim windows objects of current tab
29.3.2.3. tabpages
  • Sequence of vim tab page objects
29.3.2.4. current
29.3.2.4.1. Attribute
Name Describetion Access Type
line Current Line rw str
buffer Current Buffer rw buffer
window Current Window rw window
tabpage Current Tab Page rw tabpage
range Current Line Range r range
  • range: Buffer Subset set by <Range>
  • Assigning to vim.current.(buffer|window|tabpage)
    • Expect valid (buffer|window|tabpage) object
    • Trigers switching in UI

29.3.3. Class

29.3.3.1. error
  • Exception Class

30. Comment

  • :" <Comment>

31. Expression

  • Refered as expr in vim docs

31.1. Syntax

expr1 = expr2 / expr2 "?" expr1 ":" expr1; if-then-else
|expr1|	expr2
	expr2 ? expr1 : expr1	if-then-else

|expr2|	expr3
	expr3 || expr3 ...	logical OR

|expr3|	expr4
	expr4 && expr4 ...	logical AND

|expr4|	expr5
	expr5 == expr5		equal
	expr5 != expr5		not equal
	expr5 >	 expr5		greater than
	expr5 >= expr5		greater than or equal
	expr5 <	 expr5		smaller than
	expr5 <= expr5		smaller than or equal
	expr5 =~ expr5		regexp matches
	expr5 !~ expr5		regexp doesn't match

	expr5 ==? expr5		equal, ignoring case
	expr5 ==# expr5		equal, match case
	etc.			As above, append ? for ignoring case, # for
				matching case

	expr5 is expr5		same |List|, |Dictionary| or |Blob| instance
	expr5 isnot expr5	different |List|, |Dictionary| or |Blob|
				instance

|expr5|	expr6
	expr6 +	 expr6 ...	number addition, list or blob concatenation
	expr6 -	 expr6 ...	number subtraction
	expr6 .	 expr6 ...	string concatenation
	expr6 .. expr6 ...	string concatenation

|expr6|	expr7
	expr7 *	 expr7 ...	number multiplication
	expr7 /	 expr7 ...	number division
	expr7 %	 expr7 ...	number modulo

|expr7|	expr8
	! expr7			logical NOT
	- expr7			unary minus
	+ expr7			unary plus

|expr8|	expr9
	expr8[expr1]		byte of a String or item of a |List|
	expr8[expr1 : expr1]	substring of a String or sublist of a |List|
	expr8.name		entry in a |Dictionary|
	expr8(expr1, ...)	function call with |Funcref| variable
	expr8->name(expr1, ...)	|method| call

|expr9|	number			number constant
	"string"		string constant, backslash is special
	'string'		string constant, ' is doubled
	[expr1, ...]		|List|
	{expr1: expr1, ...}	|Dictionary|
	#{key: expr1, ...}	|Dictionary|
	&option			option value
	(expr1)			nested expression
	variable		internal variable
	va{ria}ble		internal variable with curly braces
	$VAR			environment variable
	@r			contents of register 'r'
	function(expr1, ...)	function call
	func{ti}on(expr1, ...)	function call with curly braces
	{args -> expr1}		lambda expression
  • Value of option: &<Option>
  • Value of register: @<Register>

32. Key Notation

  • Help: :h key-notation
  • Meta == Alt

33. Session

  • :mks[ession][!] [file]: Make session file or Session.vim
  • vim -S <SessionFile>, :so[urce] <SessionFile>: Restore Session
  • Can be accessed with Startify

34. Diff

  • vim -d <File>{ <File>}
  • :[vert ]diffs[plit]{ <File>}: Diff between current and new file

35. Repeat

  • :[RANGE]g[lobal][!]/PATTERN/[COMMAND]: Execute Ex command on lines in range where pattern (not) matches
    • Range: Default to %
    • !: Execute on unmatched lines
      • Default to executing on matched lines
    • Pattern
      • // for last search pattern
    • Command: Default to :p
  • :[RANGE]v[global]/PATTERN/[COMMAND]: Equivalence of :g!

36. various

  • :[RANGE]p[rint] [FLAGS]: Print lines in range
    • Range: Default to current line

37. Config

  • ~/.vimrc
set foldmethod=syntax

38. Reference

  • vimtutor
  • VIM Manual: Pattern
  • 简明 VIM 练级攻略