Updated Rack Attack configuration to address vulnerabilities in password updates.

Changes:
    The fix involves adding a new Rack Attack rule "profile_updates/ip" and
    rewriting the body of the rules "password_resets/ip" and "logins/ip" so
    the the request ip is returned if the rule is triggered.

Author: John Pinto

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # Changelog
 
+- Updated Rack Attack configuration to address vulnerabilities in password updates.
+
 ## v4.2.0
 
 **Note this upgrade is mainly a migration from Bootstrap 3 to Bootstrap 5.** 

Gemfile

@@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ gem 'jwt'
 gem 'pundit'
 
 # Gem for throttling malicious attacks
+gem 'dalli', '~> 3.2', '>= 3.2.8'
 gem 'rack-attack', '~> 6.6', '>= 6.6.1'
 
 # ========== #

config/initializers/rack_attack.rb

@@ -6,21 +6,35 @@
 Rack::Attack.enabled = true
 
 # Cache store required to work.
-Rack::Attack.cache.store = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new # defaults to Rails.cache
+# Rack::Attack.cache.store = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemoryStore.new # defaults to Rails.cache
+
+Rack::Attack.cache.store = ActiveSupport::Cache::MemCacheStore.new
+# Rack::Attack.cache.store = ActiveSupport::Cache::FileStore.new("/tmp/cache")
 
 # Throttle should send a 429 Error responsec code and display public/429.html
 Rack::Attack.throttled_responder = lambda do |_env|
   html = ActionView::Base.empty.render(file: 'public/429.html')
   [429, { 'Content-Type' => 'text/html' }, [html]]
 end
 
-# Throttle attempts to a particular path. 2 POSTs to /users/password every 30 seconds
-Rack::Attack.throttle "password_resets/ip", limit: 2, period: 30.seconds do |req|
-  req.post? && req.path == "/users/password" && req.ip
-end
+# # Throttle attempts to a particular path. 2 POSTs to /users/password every 30 seconds
+# Rack::Attack.throttle "password_resets/ip", limit: 2, period: 30.seconds do |req|
+#   req.ip if req.post? && req.path == "/users/password"
+# end
 
 # Throttle attempts to a particular path. 4 POSTs to /users/sign_in every 30 seconds
 Rack::Attack.throttle "logins/ip", limit: 4, period: 30.seconds do |req|
   # Don't apply sign-in rate-limiting to test environment
-  req.post? && req.path == "/users/sign_in" && req.ip unless Rails.env.test?
+  (req.ip if req.post? && req.path == "/users/sign_in") unless Rails.env.test?
+end
+
+# Throttle attempts to a particular path. 3 POST or PUTS to /users every 20 seconds
+# This includes password updates. This is to prevent brute force attacks on user.accept_terms.
+# This replaces the previous throttle on /users/password and is extended to other profile update.
+# Exclude test environment.
+Rack::Attack.throttle "profile_updates", limit: 3, period: 20.seconds do |req|
+  if !Rails.env.test? && req.path != "/users/sign_in" && (req.put? || req.post?) && req.path.start_with?("/users")
+    puts "Throttling #{req.ip} for #{req.path}"
+    req.ip
+  end
 end