COMPUTER-NETWORKS/Assignments/Lab 4/DHCP_Protocol_Analyzer.py at main · Amey-Thakur/COMPUTER-NETWORKS · GitHub

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/**
 * File: DHCP_Protocol_Analyzer.py
 * Author: Amey Thakur
 * GitHub: [Amey-Thakur](https://github.com/Amey-Thakur)
 * Repository: [COMPUTER-NETWORKS](https://github.com/Amey-Thakur/COMPUTER-NETWORKS)
 * Session: Fall 2023
 * Release Date: November 01, 2023
 * License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
 *
 * Description:
 * Implements an analysis of the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
 * allocation sequence. This module explores the DORA handshake (Discover,
 * Offer, Request, ACK), UDP-based transport layers, and the function
 * of the 32-bit transaction identifier (XID) during IP address assignment.
 */

import random

class DHCPSystemArchive:
    """
    A collection of utilities to illustrate DHCP allocation and protocol mechanics.
    """

    def __init__(self):
        # Infrastructure configuration for DHCP simulation
        self.server_ip = "192.168.2.1"
        self.client_mac = "1c:4d:70:a6:0b:49"
        self.lease_time = 259200  # 3 days in seconds
        self.ports = {"Server": 67, "Client": 68}

    def simulate_dora_process(self):
        """
        Replicates the state transitions in a DHCP allocation handshake.
        """
        transaction_id = "0x74292a0" # Constant for a single transaction set

        print("\n" + "="*70)
        print(f"SIMULATING DHCP DORA PROCESS (TRANS-ID: {transaction_id})")
        print("="*70)

        # 1. DISCOVER
        print(f"[STAGE 1: DISCOVER] Client ({self.client_mac}) -> 255.255.255.255")
        print(f"    - IP: 0.0.0.0 -> 255.255.255.255 | UDP Port: {self.ports['Client']}->{self.ports['Server']}")
        print(f"    - Option 53: 1 (Discover)")

        # 2. OFFER
        offered_ip = "192.168.2.95"
        print(f"\n[STAGE 2: OFFER] Server ({self.server_ip}) -> 255.255.255.255")
        print(f"    - IP: {self.server_ip} -> 255.255.255.255")
        print(f"    - Offered Address: {offered_ip} | Lease: {self.lease_time}s")

        # 3. REQUEST
        print(f"\n[STAGE 3: REQUEST] Client -> 255.255.255.255")
        print(f"    - Requesting IP: {offered_ip}")
        print(f"    - Option 53: 3 (Request)")

        # 4. ACK
        print(f"\n[STAGE 4: ACK] Server -> 255.255.255.255")
        print(f"    - Acknowledging Allocation of {offered_ip}")
        print("="*70)

    @staticmethod
    def explain_transaction_id():
        """
        Technical analysis of the 32-bit Transaction Identifier (XID).
        """
        print("\n" + "-"*60)
        print("TECHNICAL INSIGHT: THE TRANSACTION ID (XID)")
        print("-"*60)
        print("The Transaction ID is a unique 32-bit identifier generated by")
        print("the client. It is used to match DHCP requests with server")
        print("responses, ensuring that even in complex network environments,")
        print("the client correctly identifies messages intended for its")
        print("specific allocation handshake.")
        print("-"*60)

    @staticmethod
    def display_scholarly_responses():
        """
        Summarizes protocol identification results and allocation parameters.
        """
        print("\n" + "="*75)
        print("LABORATORY RESULTS: SCHOLARLY RESPONSES")
        print("="*75)
        responses = {
            "Q1: Transport Protocol": "UDP (Ports 67, 68)",
            "Q2: Transaction ID (XID)": "0x74292ax",
            "Q5: DHCP Server IP": "192.168.2.1",
            "Q6: Offered Client IP": "192.168.2.95",
            "Q7: Lease Time": "259200s (3 Days)"
        }
        for q, a in responses.items():
            print(f"{q:<30} : {a}")
        print("="*75)

def main():
    print("="*70)
    print("SCHOLARLY ANALYSIS: DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL (DHCP)")
    print("="*70)

    archive = DHCPSystemArchive()

    # 0. Scholarly Responses
    analyzer = DHCPSystemArchive()
    analyzer.display_scholarly_responses()

    # 1. Execute the DORA simulation
    archive.simulate_dora_process()

    # 2. Provide protocol insights
    archive.explain_transaction_id()

    # 3. Scholarly Insight
    print("\n" + "="*70)
    print("SCHOLARLY INSIGHT & NETWORKING TIP")
    print("="*70)
    print("DHCP operates over UDP because at the start of the process, the")
    print("client does not yet have an IP address to establish a TCP session.")
    print("By using broadcast addresses and simple UDP datagrams, the client")
    print("can discover local servers without prior configuration. This")
    print("'Zero Configuration' capability is fundamental to the scalability")
    print("of modern IP networks.")
    print("="*70)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()